Grammar

What Are Articles?

The words ” a ” ” an” a d ’ the” are called articles

Articles are of two types

  1. Indefinite article: A. An
  2. Definite article: The

1. INDEFINITE ARTICLE:

A or AN is an indefinite article

That is, It refers to or introduces a non-specific person, place, or thing.

For E.g.,

A book: it means it is talking about some random book. It is not specifically talking about a type/genre of book, but just about a book. Indefinite articles are used with singular nouns.

For E.g.,

”Troy is building an Aeroplane model.

Becky took a bus to Vancouver

Sam is looking for a house.

“An” is also used before nouns, that begin with a vowel.

Howard eats an egg daily

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

An Orange is full of vitamin C

An is also used before nouns that begin with a consonant but have a vowel sound.

Preity is an hour late to work.

Mr. Clay is an FBI agent.

Teresa Lisbon is an honest officer

2. DEFINITE ARTICLE:

“The” is a definite article

It refers to a person or thing that is identified or specified. It may be something that the speaker has already mentioned. “The is used for both singular and plural nouns.

For E.g.,

The President of the United States will be visiting India soon.

The book belongs to Ms. Clarke.

I like the postcards that Mia sent to me.

VOWEL: vowel is a sound pronounced with an open vocal tract i.e. the tongue doesn’t touch the teeth, lips, or roof of the mouth

A   E   I   O   U

CONSONANT: consonant is a speech sound in which there is a complete or partial closure of the vocal tract.

B  C  D  F  G  H  J  K  L  M  N  P  Q  R  S  T  V  W  X  Y  Z

Read the following passage. Write the correct article in each blank space. If no article is needed, then live the space blank.

Harry potter is ___ orphan who lived with his unkind uncle and aunt. His parents were killed by ___ evil wizard named Voldemort, who also attempted to kill ___ one-year-old Harry. At ___ age of 11, He received  ___ letter from Hogwarts school of Witchcraft and Wizardry. It mentioned that he is ____ wizard at Hogwarts. He will be taught to use magic properly/ Unaware of __ magical world that is absolutely different from his own, Harry joined ____ school. On ___ first day of school, he was sorted into ___ house of Gryffindor. There he befriended Ron and Hermione, who later became his best friends.

Harry potter is an orphan who lived with his unkind uncle and aunt. His parents were killed by an evil wizard named Voldemort, who also attempted to kill the one-year-old Harry. At the age of 11, He received a letter from Hogwarts school of Witchcraft and Wizardry. It mentioned that he is the wizard at Hogwarts. He will be taught to use magic properly/ Unaware of the magical world that is absolutely different from his own, Harry joined the school. On the first day of school, he was sorted into the house of Gryffindor. There he befriended Ron and Hermione, who later became his best friends.

Complete the sentences below with a, an, the or leave the space blank if no article is needed.

1. I presented ___ guard with a lot of information about new building.

2. My mother is ___ little worried about my father’s drinking.

3. The current governor is the ideal ___ leader we want in this country.

4. Do you remember ____ exact time the fire started? 

5. I have to undergo ____ x-ray to see if my ribs are broken.

6. My uncle was___ long-time heroin user.

7. Mathew has ___ opinion about everything that is advertised online.

8. He saw ___ unicorn in his dreams.

9. Zack was born in ___ Japan, but he now lives in United States.

10. Harry believes in ___ reincarnation because he is

1. I presented the guard with a lot of information about the new building.

2. My mother is a little worried about my father's drinking.

3. The current governor is the ideal leader we want in this country. No article is needed.

4. Do you remember the exact time the fire started?

5. I have to undergo an x-ray to see if my ribs are broken.

6. My uncle was a long-time heroin user.

7. Mathew has an opinion about everything that is advertised online. No article is needed in the second instance.

8. He saw a unicorn in his dreams.

9. Zack was born in Japan but he now lives in the United States. No article is needed in the first instance.

10. Harry believes in reincarnation because he is a Buddhist. No article is needed in the first instance.

Choose suitable articles for the sentences in the passage.

Most people think pitbull is ___ (the, an, a) dog breed. It is not. The term is used to describe ___ (no article needed, a, the) number of dogs including the American Pit Bull, the Pit Bull Terrier, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier and the American Staffordshire Terrier. ___ (A, no article needed, the) pit bull breeds are often misunderstood. They have great qualities that make them ___ (no article needed, the, an) tenacious players in ___ (the, no article needed, an) agility games but these qualities also attract breeders that are looking for strong competitors that can be used in dog fighting rings. ___ (the, no article needed, a) sorry result is that most of the pit bull breeds have gained ___ (the, an, a) reputation of being dangerous dogs. Due to ___ (no article needed, a, the) rampant fear caused by people who have been criminally negligent with these dogs, ___ (a, no article needed, the) legislation against keeping some of the named breeds has been passed in some countries and cities around. ___ (the, no article needed, a) world.

Most people think pitbull is a dog breed. It is not. The term is used to describe a number of dogs including the American Pit Bull, the Pit Bull Terrier, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier and the American Staffordshire Terrier. (no article needed) Pitbull breeds are often misunderstood. They have great qualities that make them (no article needed) tenacious players in the agility games but these qualities also attract breeders that are looking for strong competitors that can be used in dog fighting rings. The sorry result is that most of the pit bull breeds have gained a reputation of being dangerous dogs. Due to the rampant fear caused by people who have been criminally negligent with these dogs, (no article needed) legislation against keeping some of the named breeds has been passed in some countries and cities around the world.

Put a, an, the wherever necessary.

1. ___ best chocolate comes from ___ Zurich, ___ town in ___ Switzerland

2. This is made in ___ United States of America.

3. ___ Platinum is the costliest metal..

4. Sally tripped and was taken to ___ hospital.

5. ___ Nile River is longest river in the world.

6. ___ exercise is good for health.

7. Michaelangelo is considered one of ___ most famous artists of ___ Italian Renaissance.

8. I’ll be away for ___ hour.

9. A lot of ships cross ___ Atlantic Ocean.

10. Emma took out ___ ice-cream pack, opened it and ate ___ ice-cream from ___ pack.

1. The best chocolate comes from Zurich, a town in Switzerland.

2. This is made in the United States of America.

3. Platinum is the costliest metal.

4. Sally tripped and was taken to the hospital.

5. The Nile River is the longest river in the world.

6. An Exercise is good for health.

7. Michaelangelo is considered one of the most famous artists of the Italian Renaissance.

8. I'll be away for an hour.

9. A lot of ships cross the Atlantic Ocean.

10. Emma took out an ice-cream pack, opened it and ate the ice-cream from the pack.

Complete the following sentences by writing "a" or "an" in the blanks.

1. Doctor Smith asked Sam to get, ___ X-ray.

2. My friend painted her wall with a picture of ___ unicorn

3. Lily has to wear ___ costume to the party.

4. I will apply to ___ university, soon.

5. It is ___ honour to be awarded in the presence of such luminaries.

6. She has ___ skeleton in her closet.

7. Peter has to prepare for ___ exam in the noon.

8. Spain played ___ exquisite game yesterday.

9. Sleep soon, we have ___ early start tomorrow.

10. Chris gifted ___ monogram to his brother.

1. Doctor Smith asked Sam to get an X-ray.

2. My friend painted her wall with a picture of a unicorn.

3. Lily has to wear a costume to the party.

4. I will apply to a university, soon.

5. It is an honor to be awarded in the presence of such luminaries.

6. She has a skeleton in her closet.

7. Peter has to prepare for an exam in the noon.

8. Spain played an exquisite game yesterday.

9. Sleep soon, we have an early start tomorrow.

10. Chris gifted a monogram to his brother.

Spot the article mistakes in these sentences and correct them.

1. Do you have a better picture of the new model? In fact, I would like a best shot you have of her.

2. Greg is the happier child than his two brothers; he always has a smile on his face.

3. My grandfather believes that men make the best engineers. However, between his son and daughter, his daughter is a better engineer of the two.

4. Congratulations, this is the last day of your training. Honestly, you have all come the long way from when you started.

5. I took a cheapest shirt in the store. I hope next time I will have enough money to buy the more expensive one.

6. This week I took part in the mid-summer swimming competition held yearly at our company. We were competing with my boss and the few other swimmers. From the results, I think my boss is the even worse swimmer than I thought.

7. Dr. Ronald works at a Detroit Hospital while his wife works at a Havana memorial medical facility which is an amazing medical facility for cancer patients located at Havana.

8. If you visit the Calando River this holiday, make sure you raft through a Grand Canyon.

9. Our linguistic lecturer majored in the Swahili language in the university. She is well versed with the language as she spent her childhood in the East Africa,

10. The electrical engineer is considering building the electrical car. He believes it will be the best option to beat a rising cost of gas.

1. Do you have a better picture of the new model? In fact, I would like a best shot you have of her.

Answer: the

2. Greg is the happler child than his two brothers; he always has a smile on his face.

Answer: a

3. My grandfather believes that men make the best engineers. However, between his son and daughter, his daughter is a better engineer.

Answer: the

4. Congratulations, this is the last day of your training. Honestly, you have all come the long way from when you started.

Answer: a

5. I took a cheapest shirt in the store. I hope next time I will have enough money to buy the more expensive one.

Answer: the, a

6. This week I took part in the mid-summer swimming competition held yearly at our company. We were competing with my boss and the few other swimmers. From the results, I think my boss is the even worse swimmer than I thought.

Answer: a, an

7. Dr. Ronald works at a Detroit Hospital while his wife works at a Havana memorial medical facility which is an amazing medical facility for cancer patients located at Havana.

Answer: the, the

8. If you visit the Calando River this holiday, make sure you raft through a Grand Canyon.

Answer: the

9. Our linguistic lecturer majored in a Swahili language at the university. She is well versed with the language as she spent her childhood in the East Africa

Answer: the, no article needed

10. The electrical engineer is considering building the electrical car. He believes it will be the best option to beat a rising cost of gas.

Answer: an, the

Use articles a, an, or the to fill the blank spaces and leave the space blank if no article is needed in the passage below.

When one hears of ___ plastic surgery one is likely to associate it with Hollywood stars. They are known to commonly use plastic surgery to change ___ certain parts of their bodies. In other instances, they use the procedure to delay ___ effects of ageing. However, plastic surgery is much more than just getting ___ face-lift or ___ chin implant. Plastic surgery seeks to change ___ individual’s appearance or ability to function. Other than cosmetic plastic surgery which is very popular and changes ___ person’s body part that they might not be pleased with, there is ___ reconstructive plastic surgery which is used to correct defects on ___ person’s body or face. For instance, the correction of cleft clips or rebuilding of a person’s breast after undergoing surgery due to breast cancer is part of ___ reconstructive plastic surgery. Contrary to popular belief, ___ name plastic surgery is not coined from ___ synthetic plastic name but from the word plastikos, ___ Greek word meaning to mold or form. This is also the origin of the name plastic which is the name for ___  synthetic material.

When one hears of plastic surgery one is likely to associate it with Hollywood stars. They are known to commonly use plastic surgery to change a certain part of their bodies. In other instances, they use the procedure to delay the effects of ageing. However, plastic surgery is much more than just getting a face-lift or a chin implant. Plastic surgery seeks to change an individual's appearance or ability to function. Other than cosmetic plastic surgery which is very popular and changes a person's body part that they might not be pleased with, there is a reconstructive plastic surgery which is used to correct defects on a person's body or face. For instance, the correction of cleft clips or rebuilding of a person's breast after undergoing surgery due to breast cancer is part of the reconstructive plastic surgery. Contrary to popular belief, the name plastic surgery is not coined from the synthetic plastic name but from the word plastikos, a Greek word meaning to mold or form. This is also the origin of the name plastic which is the name for the synthetic material.

Choose the correct article for the following sentences in the letter.

How are you doing, and ___ lovely twins? (no article needed, the, a) I hope you are all well. I am fine and almost done with my Kerala trip. ___ ( a, an, the) mobile phone you gave me fell and stopped working that is why I am writing you email ___ (the, a, an). I am writing to tell you that I will not be able to visit you on 23rd July in line with our ___ (the, a, no article needed) earlier plans as I will be travelling to ___ (the, a, an) Allapuzha city on that day. I have made plans though, to see you on 27th July which will be the last day of ___ (a, an, the) trip. I will travel on 27th in morning ___ (the, no article needed, a) from ___ (the, a, no article needed) Kochi so that I can reach Thiruvananthapuram in the afternoon. I hope this arrangement works for you. Kindly call me on my new phone number-00996787 as I lost your contact when ___ phone (no article needed, a, the) stopped working.

Say hi to Mr. Brown and ___ (no article needed, a, the) twins for me.

Can’t wait to see you.

Your only sister who loves you,

Saanvi

Hello Ananya,

How are you doing, and the lovely twins? I hope you are all well. I am fine and almost done with my Kerala trip. The mobile phone you gave me fell and stopped working that is why I am writing you an email. I am writing to tell you that will not be able to visit you on 23rd July in line with our earlier plans as I will be travelling to Allapuzha city on that day. I have made plans though, to see you on 27th July which will be the last day of the trip. I will travel on 27th in the morning from Kochi so that I can reach Thiruvananthapuram in the afternoon. I hope this arrangement works for you. Kindly call me on my new phone number-00996787 as I lost your contact when the phone stopped working.

Say hi to Mr. Brown and the twins for me.

Can't wait to see you.

Your only sister who loves you,

Saanvi

Prepositions are words that describes the relation between a noun or a pronoun and some other word in a sentence.

In other words, a preposition is a word that is usually placed before other words to show the relationship between them or the position of something.

Prepositions of Place

These prepositions state where something is placed or the position of one thing in relation to another.

For Eg

A cat was sitting under a tree.

She slipped the key underneath the door.

Baxter jumped over the cycle.

Grocery is placed inside the cabinet.

Prepositions of Time

These prepositions show when something happens.

For Eg

My work starts at nine o’clock.

She does yoga in the morning.

We’re going to the movies on Sunday,

I am not going to work anymore: it’s past my working hours…

Paul visited his friends during the summer.

Prepositions of Direction

These prepositions show where something is going or the direction in respect to another thing

For Eg

The dogs ran after the boy.

Jack rolled down the hill.

Family was having a picnic along the riverbank.

The ball went right through the window.

Other Prepositions

Of

      I have bought a packet of chips.

     We need phones of different companies.

For

      1 made this gift for my mother.

      We went to downtown for shopping.

With

        She made a portrait with soft pastels.

       One should cross the street with care.

Except

         Moana likes every flavour of ice-cream except chocolate.

         I had college every day except on weekends.

Instead of

         You should eat healthy Instead of fried food

          I would read a book instead of watching movie.

Like

          His eyes look like his mother’s. Her handwriting is like mine.

As

          Sammy is as tall as her little brother.

          Are these packs the same as those?

Than

          Pete is taller than his friends.

          Maisie’s garden is prettier than most of the ones in the neighborhood.

Complete the following sentences with the prepositions from the box. The type of preposition you need is in parentheses. The first sentence has been done for you.

after

under

towards

during

on

in

before

at

Away from

across

  1. A box was placed _ the roof of my car. (place)
  2. It annoys me when people talk__the movie. (time)
  3. My friend was walking__me. (direction)
  4. The competition starts__nine o’clock. (time)
  5. Mary kept the envelope__her bag. (place)
  6. We were walking on the street__the park. (place)
  7. Maya is late for her flight! It’s.__three o’clock already! (time)
  8. Mason keeps his bag__his bed. (place)
  9. We should always wash our hands__meals. (time)
  10. She ran__ her dog because she missed him. (direction)

Answer

  1. A box was placed on the roof of my car. (place)
  2. It annoys me when people talk during the movie. (time)
  3. My friend was walking away from/towards me. (direction)
  4. The competition starts at nine o'clock. (time)
  5. Mary kept the envelope in her bag. (place)
  6. We were walking on the street across the park. (place)
  7. Maya is late for her flight! It's after three o'clock already! (time)
  8. Mason keeps his bag under his bed. (place)
  9. We should always wash our hands before/after meals. (time)
  10.  She ran towards her dog because she missed him. (direction)

Choose the correct preposition to use in the blank spaces.

  1. Place your ball__the shoe rack. (within, inside, onto)
  2. They left__the first mass. (after, between, onto)
  3. Submarines function well__the water. (before, on, under)
  4. You should have some time off__the weekends. (at, between, on)
  5. I have been learning the Chinese language__two years. (by, before, for)
  6. The traffic is usually light__the early mornings. (at, in, upon)
  7. The lectuffer is always.__time. (past, on, before)
  8. Many people work__this building. (for, over, in)
  9. I am going to China__a week’s time. (for, to, in)
  10. She was__a friend’s party. (in, for, at)
  11. She was standing__to her car (near, next, besides).
  1. Place your ball onto the shoe rack.
  2. They left after the first mass.
  3. Submarines function well under the water.
  4. You should have some time off on the weekends.
  5. I have been learning the Chinese language for two years.
  6. The traffic is usually light in the early mornings.
  7. The lecturer is always on time.
  8. Many people work in this building.
  9. I am going to India in a week's time.
  10. She was at a friend's party.
  11. She was standing next to her car.

Fill in the blank spaces with for, on, about, of, in.

  1. I had to apologize __ my rude behaviour.
  2. Did you call him Romano? I have never heard __such a name in this neighbourhood.
  3. I gave him some money but he spent it __ drugs.
  4. You need to do something __ your son’s behaviour.
  5. Do not take my generosity __weakness.
  6. If you are interested in working __ a new environment, let me know.
  7. The lesson will be on a discussion we had recently __ digitalization.
  8. The payment varies from department to department and is also based __ the employee’s experience in the field.
  9. For each of the project, you will need to allocate a considerable amount __ effort while working in a social context.
  10. This pamphlet is written to give you an impression __ our projects.
  1. I had to apologize for my rude behaviour.
  2. Did you call him Romano? I have never heard of such a name in this neighbourhood.
  3. I gave him some money but he spent it on drugs.
  4. You need to do something about your son's behaviour.
  5. Do not take my generosity for weakness.
  6. If you are interested in working in a new environment, let me know.
  7. The lesson will be on a discussion we had recently on/about digitalization.
  8. The payment varies from department to department and is also based on the employee's experience in the field.
  9. For each of the project, you will need to allocate a considerable amount of effort while working in a social context.
  10. This pamphlet is written to give you an impression of our projects.

Fill in the blank spaces with the correct prepositions.

  1. You have to wake up — 6 am if you want to catch the train.
  2. The community participated — a range of activities.
  3. Today we looked at the scientific basis- – chemistry.
  4. The research is dependent — external funding.
  5. The narrative style — writing is visible in his earlier novels.
  6. These are the social results – Global Warming.
  7. I am familiar — the topic on which we have to write the essay.
  8. The math teacher tested us on the analysis – calculus.
  9. His achievements are the product – hard work and resilience.
  10. They fought because the husband accused his wife – cheating.
  1. You have to wake up at/by/before 6 am if you want to catch the train.
  2. The community participated in a range of activities.
  3. Today we looked at the scientific basis of chemistry.
  4. The research is dependent on external funding.
  5. The narrative style of writing is visible in his earlier novels.
  6. These are the social results of Global Warming.
  7. I am familiar with the topic on which we have to write the essay.
  8. The math teacher tested us on the analysis of calculus.
  9. His achievements are the product of hard work and resilience.
  10.  They fought because the husband accused his wife of cheating.

Choose the correct preposition to use on the blank spaces

  1. He is the perfect replica – his father. He is very good – playing the violin. (with, at, of)
  2. For 30 years the country was under an oppressive regime as the dictator who was – power ruled with an iron fist. (on, upon, in)
  3. Jake is allergic – cats and this is why he can’t keep any in his home. (about, to, on)
  4. In the dream, he was asked to choose – heaven and hell and he went with the latter. (among, between, each)
  5. I am a great fan of football and this is why I specialize – coaching young talented football players. (in, by, with)
  6. Cape Town city is not – vast as Casfornia. (as, on, in)
  7. Jack sat – his sister and held her hand during their father’s funeral. (next to, upon, in front)
  8. The machine is — warranty and you can return it in case of any damage. (with, under, for)
  9. I plan to work until I am 55 years and then I will retire – the countryside. (to, on, by)
  10. Greg did not understand her reason for ending the engagement, and he suffered from depression — two years. (with, for, about)
  1. He is the perfect replica of his father. He is very good at playing the violin.
  2. For 30 years the country was under an oppressive regime as the dictator who was in power ruled with an iron fist.
  3. Jake is allergic to cats and this is why he can't keep any in his home.
  4. In the dream, he was asked to choose between heaven and hell and he went with the latter.
  5. I am a great fan of football and this is why I specialize in coaching young talented football players.
  6. Cape Town city is not as vast as California.
  7. Jack sat next to his sister and held her hand during their father's funeral.
  8. The machine is under warranty and you can return it in case of any damage.
  9. I plan to work until I am 55 years and then I will retire to the countryside.
  10. Greg did not understand her reason for ending the engagement and he suffered from depression for two ears.

Fill In the Blank Spaces With The Right Preposition:

On Saturdays, I wake up__eight in the morning. I have to prepare to go to class. However, before I leave, I take care__household chores and prepare my husband’s and my son’s breakfast. My son is like me in that, he prefers a heavy breakfast__ morning, unlike my husband who would rather have a cup__coffee or tea. At 9:30, I leave the house and head__the university,  which is only a few kilometers away from my house. I always get there __ foot although I have to get there__ten so that I do not miss the first lesson. By 12:00 pm, I am done with my lecturers and I head home to have lunch__my family. In the past, I was not accustomed__having engagements on Saturdays but now I am used__the routine.

On Saturdays, I wake up at eight in the morning. I have to prepare to go to class. However, before I leave, I take care of a few household chores and prepare my husband's and my son's breakfast. My son is like me in that, he prefers a heavy breakfast in the morning, unlike my husband who would rather have a cup of coffee or tea. At 9:30, | leave the house and head for the university, which is only a few kilometers away from my house. I always get there by/on foot although I have to get there before ten so that I do not miss the first lesson. By 12:00 pm, I am done with my lecturers and I head home to have lunch with my family. In the past, I was not accustomed to having engagements on Saturdays but now I am used to the routine.

Some of these sentences are wrong, correct them by using the appropriate prepositions.

  1. That frightening horror movie made me believe of ghosts.
  2. This liquid consists of water and liquid paraffin.
  3. Please remember to buy a new shirt to your brother.
  4. I know all of your bad behavior in your former school.
  5. It is ten o’clock about my watch.
  6. We couldn’t help but be amazed about Calvin’s drunkenness.
  7. He is referred to as Tyson because he is not scared at anything.
  8. Would you care about a soda?
  9. That book is interesting, it is on Satanism.
  10. They went back and forth on what to buy for Sam’s birthday, in the end, Mrs. Duke did not agree by his husband’s decision.
  1. That frightening horror movie made me believe in ghosts.
  2. This liquid consists of water and liquid paraffin. Correct
  3. Please remember to buy a new shirt for your brother.
  4. I know all about your bad behavior in your former school.
  5. It is ten o'clock by my watch.
  6. We couldn't help but be amazed by Calvin's drunkenness.
  7. He is referred to as Tyson because he is not scared of anything.
  8. Would you care for a soda?
  9. That book is interesting, it is on Satanism. Correct
  10. They went back and forth on what to buy for Sam's birthday, in the end, Mrs. Duke did not agree with his husband's decision.

Read the below passage and fill the blank spaces with the correct prepositions

Bungee jumping is one sport that needs you to have courage. It is characterized by bungee jumpers jumping off — lethal heights — bouncing back due to the safely attached bungee cord. The experience is purely sensory and no other outdoor sport will give you such an adrenaline-filled experience. You literally have to step out — your comfort zone and decide to make a leap — faith down below. Contrary to fear — falls or injury, bungee jumping is one of the sports with a remarkable safety record. Fatalities or injuries are Very rare. Bungee addicts have been recorded to jump from the tallest structures – earth such as the Aj Hackett Macau Tower in China that gives bungee jumpers the chance to jump — an astonishing 764 feet– the ground. Other notable bungee jumping heights include the Verzasca Dam in Australia, Bloukrans Bridge in South Africa, and Austria’s Europabrücke Bridge among others. Next time you are looking — an adrenaline filled outdoor sport, do not be afraid to try – bungee jumping.

Bungee jumping is one sport that needs you to have courage. It is characterized by bungee jumpers jumping off from lethal heights before bouncing back due to the safely attached bungee cord. The experience is purely sensory and no other outdoor sport will give you such an adrenaline-filled experience. You literally have to step out of your comfort zone and decide to make a leap of faith down below. Contrary to fear of falls or injury. bungee jumping is one of the sports with a remarkable safety record. Fatalities or injuries are very rare. Bungee addicts have been recorded to jump from the tallest structures on earth such as the Aj Hackett Macau Tower in China that gives bungee jumpers the chance to jump from an astonishing 764 feet above the ground. Other notable Bungee jumping heights include the Verzasca Dam in Australia, Bloukrans Bridge in South Africa, and Austria's Europabrücke Bridge among others. Next time you are looking for an adrenaline filled outdoor sport, do not be afraid to try out bungee jumping.

What Is Conjunction?

It refers to a word that joins two or more words, phrases or clauses.

E.g. I like eating sweet and spicy food.

Tommy was hard working yet he was not appreciated.

What are the types of Conjunctions

A. Coordinating Conjunctions:

It joins words, phrases and independent clauses.

E.g:- for and nor but or yet so

I like to have tea or coffee in the evening.

didn’t have tickets to the movie, but my friends managed to get it.

B. Subordinating Conjunctions:

It joins an independent and dependent clause.

E.g:-

before, after, until, although, because, since, Unless, While, though

They wouldn’t arrive until after 8 p.m. at the earliest.

Before she leaves, she needs to meet the principal.

I ate a sandwich because I was hungry.

Because I was hungry. I ate a sandwich.

C. Correlative Conjunctions:

Correlative Conjunctions are a pair of conjunctions that

E.g.

either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also, both – and     whether-or

Not only did finish my work but also helped my friend with hers.

Neither like pizza nor cheese.

 

CLAUSE:

A clause is a unit that contains a subject and verb.

E.g. I am(Subject) reading(verb)

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE:

it is a clause that gives a complete meaning to a sentence, and doesn’t depend on another sentence. It has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

Eg. I(subject) like(verb) chocolates. 

DEPENDENT CLAUSE:

It is a clause that cannot provide a complete meaning to sentence, without depending on another sentence.

Eg. When I grow up. (It is an incomplete thought, as the sentence indicates something happened while growing up) hence it is dependent on something to explain its meaning.

(refer below)

Eg. When I grew up, had many pets

Use the appropriate conjunction in the following sentences.

  1. I usually like to draw,__today I am painting.
  2. I like broccoli__kale.
  3. Baby is always crying,__he is very irritated.
  4. I don’t like green__yellow.
  5. Chris is more hardworking than Matt,__Matt has a high pay.
  6. .__she is a good doctor__a good person.
  7. My friend has been working overtime__she deserves a holiday.
  8. Do hard work__you will fail.
  9. .__you walk fast, you cannot catch the train.
  10. I love dancing__my brother loves music.
  1. I usually like to draw, but today I am painting.
  2. I like broccoli and kale.
  3. Baby is always crying, so he is very irritated.
  4. I don't like green or/and yellow.
  5. Chris is more hardworking than Matt, yet Matt has a high pay.
  6. Neither she is a good doctor nor a good person.
  7. My friend has been working overtime so she deserves a holiday.
  8. Do hard work or/otherwise you will fail.
  9. Unless you walk fast, you cannot catch the train.
  10. I love dancing whereas/while my brother loves music.

Choose the right conjunction for the blank spaces from the choices given.

    1. – we wanted to leave, George and Tom insisted we stay.
    2. Because
    3. In addition
    4. Though

    1. We all decided to visit the poor woman – Karen told us her story.
    2. When
    3. Before
    4. As

    1. Our teacher wasn’t feeling well and – she took the day off.
    2. Because
    3. So
    4. Yet

    1. We took the dog for a walk – groomed him.
    2. Plus
    3. Not only
    4. As well as

    1. – did we eat out, – we went dancing in the town square.
    2. Either, or
    3. Neither. nor
    4. Not only, but also

    1. Although he lost the ability to move his legs, -he believes he will walk again.
    2. Still
    3. And
    4. No conjunction needed

    1. As I started to give the inauguration speech, – my voice shook.
    2. At that time
    3. No conjunction needed
    4. Therefore

    1. – had Ted stood up to receive the prize – we heard gunshots.
    2. No sooner, that
    3. Hardly, then
    4. No sooner, than

    1. The car was completely wrecked, – nobody was injured.
    2. And
    3. After
    4. But

    1. – Jack – James passed their final exam.
    2. Either, or
    3. Neither, nor
    4. Either, but
  1. Though we wanted to leave, George and Tom insisted we stay.
  2. We all decided to visit the poor woman when Karen told us her story.
  3. Our teacher wasn't feeling well, and so she took the day off.
  4. We took the dog for a walk as well as groomed him.
  5. Not only did we eat out, but we also went dancing in the town square.
  6. Although he lost the ability to move his legs, he believes he will walk again. No conjunction needed
  7. As I started to give the inauguration speech, my voice shook. No conjunction needed
  8. No sooner had Ted stood up to receive the prize than we heard gunshots.
  9. The car was completely wrecked, but nobody was injured.
  10. Neither Jack nor James passed their final exam.

Fill in the blank spaces with the conjunction 'but' or 'and'.

  1. I want to invite her to my house__I am afraid she might decline.
  2. This morning | took tea__tomorrow I will take coffee instead.
  3. Ken walks to school__he likes it.
  4. Joy plays football__netball.
  5. Brian is short__so is his twin brother, Jeff.
  6. We love our dog,__we love our cat more.
  7. I ate three cakes__gave the rest to my roommate.
  8. My mum has white hair__she dyes it black.
  9. I am studying medicine__I would also like to know more about astronomy.
  10. All precautions must have been neglected,__ the plague spread rapidly.
  1. I want to invite her to my house, but I am afraid she might decline.
  2. This morning I took tea, but tomorrow I will take coffee instead.
  3. Ken walks to school, and he likes it.
  4. Joy plays football and netball.
  5. Brian is short and so is his twin brother, Jeff.
  6. We love our dog, but we love our cat more.
  7. I ate three cakes and gave the rest to my roommate.
  8. My mum has white hair but she dyes it black.
  9. I am studying medicine but I would also like to know more about astronomy.

Underline the conjunctions in the passage.

Firstly, I would like to welcome you to our Sixth Melton University technology conference. It is great to see all of you, although I am made to understand that a few faculty members are absent. They are on a trip to the Amazon. However, we are expecting them later tonight. Among them is our Chairperson who was supposed to officially open this conference. On her behalf, we have the Dean of students here with us, who is also a member of the committee that organized this conference. He will officially open this conference, and I will be your host. Last but not least, we have arranged snacks in the garden, and all are invited after this session.

Firstly, I would like to welcome you to our Sixth Melton University technology conference. It is great to see all of you although I am made to understand that a few faculty members are absent. They are on a trip to the Amazon. However, we are expecting them later tonight. Among them is our Chairperson who was supposed to officially open this conference. On her behalf, we have the Dean of students here with us who is also a member of the committee that organized this conference. He will officially open this conference and I will be your host. Last but not least, we have arranged snacks in the garden and all are invited after this session.

Choose the correct preposition to use on the blank spaces

  1. I take my tea with sugar__I do not like milk. ( but, unless)
  2. Listen to the narrative __answer the questions. (and, or)
  3. __we were sunbathing, the twins were swimming. (while, although)
  4. I will inform you__I arrive at the new hotel. (because, when)
  5. It was already dark__ they decided to spend the night in a hotel. (so, but)
  6. He did not graduate__ he was always missing classes. (and, since)
  7. There is no doubt __we are late. (and, that)
  8. The Queen’s hands are tied.__the king returns, she can’t make a decision. (until, when)
  9. The book can be used both __reference material and a journal. (as, or)
  10. __ you graduate, you will be qualified to apply for a job at our firm. (before, once)
  1. I take my tea with sugar, but I do not like milk.
  2. Listen to the narrative and answer the questions.
  3. While we were sunbathing, the twins were swimming.
  4. I will inform you when I arrive at the new hotel.
  5. It was already dark, so they decided to spend the night in a hotel.
  6. He did not graduate since he was always missing classes.
  7. There is no doubt that we are late.
  8. The Queen's hands are tied. Until the king returns, she can't make a decision.
  9. The book can be used both as reference material and a journal.
  10. 10. Once you graduate, you will be qualified to apply for a job at our firm.

Choose the correct option a, b, c or d.

1.__the Kerala flooding, the volunteers are still cleaning the places up.

  • although
  • after
  • before
  • even if

 

  1. I hate going to the hospital__I can’t bear the harsh odor of disinfectants.
  • so that
  • although
  • whenever
  • because

 

  1. I rewarded Chris,__his sketch work was marvellous.
  • as
  • after
  • whenever
  • if

 

4.__he said it he wished he could take it back.

  • now that
  • before
  • as soon as
  • Because

 

  1. I visit the temple__I am in the city.
  • once
  • whenever
  • wherever
  • even though

 

  1. He was suffering from high fever,__he couldn’t appear for the interview.
  • therefore
  • because
  • and
  • since

 

  1. We are poor,__we never complain.
  • therefore
  • yet
  • and
  • or

 

8.__the boy saw the doctor, he cried.

  • since
  • because
  • as soon as
  • yet

 

9.__he is bold, he can fight for the cause.

  • Though
  • because
  • and
  • since

 

  1. They are rich__not haughty.
  • therefore
  • but
  • and
  • Since

1.__the Kerala flooding, the volunteers are still cleaning the places up.

  • although
  • after
  • before
  • even if

 

  1. I hate going to the hospital__I can't bear the harsh odor of disinfectants.
  • so that
  • although
  • whenever
  • because

 

  1. I rewarded Chris,__his sketch work was marvellous.
  • as
  • after
  • whenever
  • if

 

4.__he said it he wished he could take it back.

  • now that
  • before
  • as soon as
  • Because

 

  1. I visit the temple__I am in the city.
  • once
  • whenever
  • wherever
  • even though

 

  1. He was suffering from high fever,__he couldn't appear for the interview.
  • therefore
  • because
  • and
  • since

 

  1. We are poor,__we never complain.
  • therefore
  • yet
  • and
  • or

 

8.__the boy saw the doctor, he cried.

  • since
  • because
  • as soon as
  • yet

 

9.__he is bold, he can fight for the cause.

  • Though
  • because
  • and
  • since

 

  1. They are rich__not haughty.
  • therefore
  • but
  • and
  • Since

Fill in the blanks using suitable conjunctions.

  1. 1.__I was 18, I lived in Dubai for two years.
  2. I regard my family__ my best friend.
  3. __he tried hard, he couldn’t succeed.
  4. I love Buddy__he is a good dog.
  5. You can go__I will wait.
  6. Three__three make six.
  7. __he was ambitious | slew him.
  8. The vase will break__if you drop it.
  9. Man proposes__God disposes of.
  10. Virtue ennobles,__vice degrades.
  1. When I was 18, I lived in Dubai for two years
  2. I regard my family as my best friend.
  3. Though/although/even though he tried hard, he couldn't succeed.
  4. I love Buddy because/as he is a good dog.
  5. You can go but I will wait.
  6. Three and three make six.
  7. As he was ambitious I slew him.
  8. The vase will break if you drop it.
  9. Man proposes but God disposes.
  10. Virtue ennobles, but vice degrades.

Which conjunction works best for these blank choices?

  1. You need to run__fast__ you can if you want to catch the bus.
  2. Not only is Steve rich, __he is also generous.
  3. No sooner had you left the lecturer room__our literature teacher arrived.
  4. Hardly had we left the house__it started raining.
  5. The economy has been stagnant there has been__increase__decrease in growth.
  6. The results of the match were disappointing not only to the players__to the fans who had gathered to watch the game.
  7. When we talked to the investment banker, he did not mention__the deposit__ the interest rate for the investment.
  8. He is such a great actor__his shows are always packed.
  9. Scarcely I had taken a loan from the bank,__the interest rates went up.
  10. Not only does he want to learn to play the violin,__ also how to play the saxophone.
  1. You need to run as fast as you can if you want to catch the bus
  2. Not only is Steve rich, but he is also generous.
  3. No sooner had you left the lecturer room than our literature teacher arrived.
  4. Hardly had we left the house when it started raining.
  5. The economy has been stagnant there has been neither increase nor decrease in growth.
  6. The results of the match were disappointing not only to the players but also to the fans who had gathered to watch the game.
  7. When we talked to the investment banker, he did not mention either the deposit or the interest rate for the investment.
  8. He is such a great actor that his shows are always packed.
  9. Scarcely I had taken a loan from the bank, when the interest rates went up.
  10. Not only does he want to learn to play the violin, but also how to play the saxophone.

Nouns can be singular or plural.

In a sentence, if we are describing one object, place, person or an idea, a singular noun is used.

For E.g.

Amy has a purse.

Chris owns a car.

If we are talking about more than one object, place, person or an Idea, a plural noun is used.

For E.g.

Amy has two purses.

Chris owns three cars.

In most cases, just add “s” to make a noun plural.

Bottle             Bottles

Computer      computers

Teacher          teachers

Board            boards

Slate             Slates

When the word ends in s, ch, sh, x or o add -es’ to make it plural.

Ass              asses

Branch         branches

Brush           brushes

Fox              foxes

Buffalo         buffaloes

When the word ends in for fe, change the ‘f or fe’ to – v’ and add -es’ to make it plural.

Knife             Knives

Wife             Wives

Calf              Calves

Thief            Thieves

Wolf             Wolves

When the word ends in y preceded by a consonant, change the ‘y’ to ‘I’ and add ‘-es’ to make it plural. When the word is preceded by a vowel, add ‘s’ to make it plural.

Story         Stories

Library      Libraries

Army         Armies

Baby         Babies

Body         Bodies

Irregular Plurals

Mouse       Mice

Child         Children

Louse        Lice

Man          Men

Goose      Geese

Tooth        Teeth

Foot         Feet

Ox           Oxen

Woman    Women

Compound nouns

Son-in-law           Sons in law

step sons            Step son

Passer by            Passers by

Father in law       Fathers in law

Men of war         Man of war

Daughter in law   Daughters in law

Brother-in-law       Brothers in law

Certain nouns that take up the Plural form only

Scissors

Spectacles

Glasses

Trousers

Thanks

Congratulations

People

Police

Binoculars

Clothes

Jeans

Pants

Pyjamas

Shorts

Tights

Certain nouns have the same Singular and Plural form

Deer

Sheep

Fish

Zebra

Means

Species

Crossroads

Series

Headquarters

Dozen

Score

Innings

Series

Hundred

Thousand

Plural nouns that take up Singular Verb

Machinery

Poetry

Scenery

Stationery

Furniture

Information

Advice

Politics

News

Physics

Mathematics

Exceptions

When ‘ch’ is pronounced like ‘k’

Epoch – epochs                           Stomach-stomachs

Some words ending with f

Chief            Chiefs

Roof             Roofs

Belief           beliefs

Safe             safes

Handkerchief   Handkerchiefs

Write the plural forms of the following

1. Horse   

2. Pen   

3 .table    

4. Girl     

5. Boy  

6. Student  

7. Cow       

8. Lion

9. Bag

10. Pencil

11. Bus

12. Gas

13. Glass

14. Class

15. Dish

16. Watch

17. Match

18. Box

19. Fox

20. Brush

21. City

22. Body

23. Story

24. Army

25. Lady

26. Baby

27. Day

28. Monkey

29. Tray

30. Ray

31. Man

32. Tooth

33. Foot

34. Mouse

35. Woman

36. Child

37. Ox

38. Deer

39. Fish

40. Sheep

41. Wife

42. Half

43. Wolf

44. Thief

45. Knife

46. father in law

47. step mother

48. Maidsenant

49. passer by

50. step father

1. Horse      Horses

2. Pen         Pens

3 table         Tables

4. Girl          Girls

5. Boy         Boys

6. Student  Students

7. Cow         Cows

8. Lion         Lions

9. Bag          bags

10. Pencil   pencils 

11. Bus         buses 

12. Gas        Gases

13. Glass  Glasses

14. Class  classes 

15. Dish     Dishes

16. Watch  Watches

17. Match   Matches

18. Box       Boxes

19. Fox       Foxes

20. Brush    Brushes

21. City       Cities

22. Body      Bodies

23. Story     Stories

24. Army    Armies

25. Lady   ladies

26. Baby            Babies

27. Day              Days

28. Monkey        Monkeys

29. Tray             trays

30. Ray            Rays

31. Man            Men

32. Tooth         Teeth

33. Foot          Feet

34. Mouse        Mice

35. Woman       Women

36. Child            Children

37. Ox             Oxen

38. Deer          Deer

39. Fish  fish

40. Sheep       Sheep

41. Wife            Wives

42. Half             Halves

43. Wolf           Wolves

44. Thief        Thieves

45. Knife                  Knives

46. father in law       Fathers-in-law

47. step mother       Step mothers

48. Maidservant      maidservants

49. passer by           Passers by

50. step father         Step fathers

Underline the plural and singular mistakes in this passage.

There are several theory that try to explain how the brain works. Although this may not be contained in a number of syllabi, it is essential to understand the brain mechanism. Most of the scientist, believe that informations is transmitted using the neurons. Different authors have tried to bring out the imageries of how these neuron carry informations to the cell. The neuron must first receive stimuli before sending a response. The brain has two part known as the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The first part is the short-term memory. The brain stores informations that is needed in the hippocampus only for a short while. The other part is the long-term memory. This is where informations that may be needed for long periods of time is stored.

There are several theory that try to explain how the brain works. Although this may not be contained in a number of syllabi, it is essential to understand the brain mechanism. Most of the scientist, believe that informations is transmitted using the neurons. Different authors have tried to bring out the imageries of how these neuron carry informations to the cell. The neuron must first receive stimuli before sending a response. The brain has two part known as the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The first part is the short-term memory. The brain stores informations that is needed in the hippocampus only for a short while. The other part is the long-term memory. This is where informations that may be needed for long periods of time is stored.

Use the suitable form of the words (singular or plural) in brackets to complete the passage

Baking a__(cake) can be fun and easy considering you only need to follow some basic steps. There are many__(recipe) available for baking different cakes. However, this is a simple guide on the__(step) to follow when making any kind of a cake. First, you need to have all your ingredients ready. You will also need to grease and flour your baking pan and preheat your oven to the right baking__ (temperature) as directed in your recipe. You have to measure and properly mix your dry ingredients. The dry ingredients might include the__(flour),__(baking soda), and__(yeast) among other leavening ingredients. Mixing these properly with a whisk will ensure your cake rises evenly. Then take your__(butter) that is already at room temperature and beat it slowly as you add the__(sugar) and the__(egg) until your mixture is well blended. Add your dry ingredients mixture and any wet ingredients such as milk to the butter, sugar, and egg mixture. Mix well until the mixture is smooth. You can now put your mixture into your greased baking pan and bake at the right.__ (temperature) and the right__(time).

Baking a cake can be fun and easy considering you only need to follow some basic steps. There are many recipes available for baking different cakes. However, this is a simple guide on the steps to follow when making any kind of a cake. First, you need to have all your ingredients ready. You will also need to grease and flour your baking pan and preheat your oven to the right baking temperature as directed in your recipe. You have to measure and properly mix your dry ingredients. The dry ingredients might include the flour, baking soda, and yeast among other leavening ingredients. Mixing these properly with a whisk will ensure your cake rises evenly. Then take your butter that is already at room temperature and beat it slowly as you add the sugar and the egg until your mixture is well blended. Add your dry ingredients mixture and any wet ingredients such as milk to the butter, sugar, and egg mixture. Mix well until the mixture is smooth. You can now put your mixture into your greased baking pan and bake at the right temperature and the right time.

Choose the singular or plural nouns to complete the following sentences.

  1. My__(team) consists of four people.
  2. The__(wolf) roam in packs.
  3. She forgot two__(box) on the table.
  4. The__(cat) is on the tree.
  5. The waitress dropped the__(tray) on the ground.
  6. Vicky likes that__ (picture) clicked at the event.
  7. That building has got lot of__(mouse) in the basement.
  8. Mom asked me to get a __ (kilo) of sugar.
  9. The police arrested two__(thief) last night.
  10. __(student) left their__(bag) outside the classroom.
  1. My team consists of four people.
  2. The wolves roam in packs.
  3. She forgot two boxes on the table.
  4. The cat is on the tree.
  5. The waitress dropped the tray on the ground.
  6. Vicky likes that picture clicked at the event.
  7. That building has got a lot of mice in the basement
  8. Mom asked me to get a kilo of sugar.
  9. The police arrested two thieves last night.
  10. Students left their bags outside the classroom.

Fill In the blank spaces with the plural of the given word.

  1. There are many__(mouse) in the store.
  2. I caught two__ (fish) today.
  3. That hospital has qualified __(nurse).
  4. You bought blunt __. (axe)
  5. Africans have small __(village)
  6. He is two __(year) old today.
  7. The apartments where those three__ (family) live are not safe
  8. I went to visit my two family__(friend) in the next town.
  9. They__ (is) never at home.
  10. My son loves to play with his two.__(niece)
  1. There are many mice in the store.
  2. I caught two fish today.
  3. That hospital has qualified nurses.
  4. You bought blunt axes.
  5. Africans have small villages.
  6. He is two years old today.
  7. The apartments where those three families live are not safe.
  8. I went to visit my two family friends in the next town.
  9. They are never at home.
  10. My son loves to play with his two nieces.

Choose the correct plural or singular form to fill in the blanks.

  1. The__where the__were grazing was very different from the one where the cows were grazing.
  • Radius, sheeps
  • Radius, sheep
  • Radii, sheep
  • Radii, sheeps

 

  1. Different.__respond to__differently.
  • Specie, stimulus
  • Species, stimuli
  • Species, stimulus
  • Specieses, stimuli

 

  1. The school has made it possible for the students to access the__and the

__they require.

  • Syllabus, formula
  • Syllabi, formulae
  • Syllabi, Formula
  • Syllabus, formulae

 

  1. Certain fruits when attacked by__they turn into a different__.
  • Fungus, color
  • Fungi, colors
  • Fungus, colors
  • Fungi, color

 

  1. When do you use__in a___.
  • Ellipses, sentences
  • Ellipsis, sentence
  • Ellipses, sentence
  • Ellipsis, sentences

 

  1. A lot of__in Australia belong to the same___
  • Fish, genera
  • Fishes, genus
  • Fishes, genera
  • Fish, genus

 

  1. Few parents teach their__the risks involved when they encounter toxic__
  • Child, bacterium
  • Child, bacteria
  • Children, bacterium
  • Children, bacteria

 

  1. As he was sweeping the compound he saw many__and__

walking around.

  • Duck, goose
  • Ducks, geese
  • Duck, geese
  • Ducks, goose

 

  1. Many__always arise as a result of__
  • Crisis, disagreements
  • Crises, disagreement
  • Crises, disagreements
  • Crisis, disagreement

 

10.__are the kind If ideas that can be used in building__

  • This, curriculum
  • These, curriculum
  • These, curricula
  • This, curricula
  1. The__where the__were grazing was very different from the one where the cows were grazing.
  • Radius, sheeps
  • Radius, sheep
  • Radii, sheep
  • Radii, sheeps
  1. Different.__respond to__differently.
  • Specie, stimulus
  • Species, stimuli
  • Species, stimulus
  • Specieses, stimuli
  1. The school has made it possible for the students to access the__and the

__they require.

  • Syllabus, formula
  • Syllabi, formulae
  • Syllabi, Formula
  • Syllabus, formulae
  1. Certain fruits when attacked by__they turn into a different__.
  • Fungus, color
  • Fungi, colors
  • Fungus, colors
  • Fungi, color
  1. When do you use__in a___.
  • Ellipses, sentences
  • Ellipsis, sentence
  • Ellipses, sentence
  • Ellipsis, sentences
  1. A lot of__in Australia belong to the same___
  • Fish, genera
  • Fishes, genus
  • Fishes, genera
  • Fish, genus
  1. Few parents teach their__the risks involved when they encounter toxic__
  • Child, bacterium
  • Child, bacteria
  • Children, bacterium
  • Children, bacteria
  1. As he was sweeping the compound he saw many__and__walking around.
  • Duck, goose
  • Ducks, geese
  • Duck, geese
  • Ducks, goose
  1. Many__always arise as a result of__
  • Crisis, disagreements
  • Crises, disagreement
  • Crises, disagreements
  • Crisis, disagreement

10.__are the kind If ideas that can be used in building__

  • This, curriculum
  • These, curriculum
  • These, curricula
  • This, curricula

 

Write The Correct Plural Form Of The Word In Brackets

  1. — (Study) from scientists show that half of the cancers are preventable.
  2. I need more — (glue) to put on these wall paintings.
  3. I will need three bottles of mineral — (water) when we go hiking.
  4. We each had two glasses of – (juice) at the restaurant.
  5. We advise our patients to drink at least eight — (glass) of water daily.
  6. I have to bake more than ten– (loaf) of bread for the event.
  7. The waiter and the two– (cashier) were very rude to the customer who did not have enough money to pay the bill.
  8. The committee chairperson clearly stated that the– (wife) of the directors were expected at the event.
  9. How many — (kilo) is that bag of rice.
  10. My mother always made sure to prepare – (sandwich) for us before we went to school.
  1. Studies from scientists show that half of the cancers are preventable.
  2. I need more glue to put on these wall paintings.
  3. I will need three bottles of mineral water when we go hiking.
  4. We each had two glasses of juice at the restaurant.
  5. We advise our patients to drink at least eight glasses of water daily.
  6. I have to bake more than ten loaves of bread for the event.
  7. The waiter and the two cashiers were very rude to the customer who did not have enough money to pay the bill
  8. The committee chairperson clearly stated that the wives of the directors were expected at the event.
  9. How many kilos is that bag of rice.
  10.  My mother always made sure to prepare sandwiches for us before we went to school.

Choose The Correct Words To Fill In The Blank Spaces

  1. I like to wash the – after –.
  • Dish, meals
  • Dish, meal
  • Dishes, meals
  • Dishes, meal
  1. Most – believe that — should protect them not arrest them.
  • Person, policemen
  • Person, policeman
  • People, policeman
  • People, policemen
  1. I need traditional – blocks of different –.
  • Igloo, inch
  • Igloos, inch
  • Igloos, inches
  • Igloo, inches
  1. According to the United Nations –, there are 48 countries in the Asian –.
  • Datas, continent
  • Data, continent
  • Data, continents
  • Datas, continents
  1. How many — of shoes do you –?
  • Pairs, has
  • Pair, have
  • Pairs, have
  • Pairs, has
  1. We saw more than one — in the –.
  • Deers, forests
  • Deer, forests
  • Deer, forest
  • Deers, forest
  1. Put – books on their respective –
  • Those, shelves
  • That, shelf
  • Those, shelfs
  • This, shelf
  1. The closure of their multiple — and the lack of an income were the – behind the riots.
  • Business, stimuli
  • Business, stimulus
  • Businesses, stimuli
  • Businesses, stimulus
  1. My mother and my sister — the two — in my life.
  • Are, women
  • Are, woman
  • Is, womens
  • Is, woman
  1. The death of her son and her being diagnosed with breast – were the two — that led to her being admitted.
  • Cancer, phenomenon
  • Cancers, phenomenon
  • Cancer, phenomenae
  • Cancer, phenomena
  1. I like to wash the – after --.
  • Dish, meals
  • Dish, meal
  • Dishes, meals
  • Dishes, meal
  1. Most – believe that -- should protect them not arrest them.
  • Person, policemen
  • Person, policeman
  • People, policeman
  • People, policemen
  1. I need traditional – blocks of different --.
  • Igloo, inch
  • Igloos, inch
  • Igloos, inches
  • Igloo, inches
  1. According to the United Nations –, there are 48 countries in the Asian --.
  • Datas, continent
  • Data, continent
  • Data, continents
  • Datas, continents
  1. How many -- of shoes do you --?
  • Pairs, has
  • Pair, have
  • Pairs, have
  • Pairs, has
  1. We saw more than one -- in the --.
  • Deers, forests
  • Deer, forests
  • Deer, forest
  • Deers, forest
  1. Put – books on their respective –
  • Those, shelves
  • That, shelf
  • Those, shelfs
  • This, shelf
  1. The closure of their multiple -- and the lack of an income were the – behind the riots.
  • Business, stimuli
  • Business, stimulus
  • Businesses, stimuli
  • Businesses, stimulus
  1. My mother and my sister -- the two -- in my life.
  • Are, women
  • Are, woman
  • Is, womens
  • Is, woman
  1. The death of her son and her being diagnosed with breast – were the two -- that led to her being admitted.
  • Cancer, phenomenon
  • Cancers, phenomenon
  • Cancer, phenomenae
  • Cancer, phenomena

What Is Degrees of Comprasion?

When adjectives are written in different forms to compare two or more nouns (places, people or things).

How many Degrees of Comparison are there?

There are three forms of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative.

Positive Degree:

It relates to base form of adjectives and adverbs. Here it does not offer any comparison.

Eg. beautiful, rich, nice.

Comparative Degree:

It is a form of adjective providing higher degree of some quality that the adjective describes.

Eg. more beautiful, richer, nicer.

In simpler words, it compares someone or something with someone or something else.

E.g

  • Maths is more interesting than Physics.
  • Chrissy draws better than Molly.

Superlative Degree:

It is a form of adjective providing highest degree of some quality that the adjective describes.

Eg. most beautiful, richest, nicest

In other words, it compares someone or something to every other person or object in the group.

E.g.

Chrissy draws the best in the class.

Physics is the most interesting subject.

How to form comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives?

To form a comparative adjective

Add “er” to it if it is a one-syllable word.

E.g.

Tall → taller

Big → bigger

Add “more” if it is a multi-syllable word, and also with all participle adjectives.

E.g. multi-syllable

Beautiful → more beautiful 

Difficult →  more difficult

E.g. multi-syllable and participle adjective

Surprising →  more surprising

Surprised →  more surprised

E.g. One-syllable but a participle adjective

Shocked → more shocked

 

To form a superlative adjective

Add “est” to it and “the” before it if it is a one-syllable word.

E.g.     Tall →   the tallest

           Big→ the biggest

Add “most” before it if it is a multi-syllable word, and also with all participle adjectives.

E.g. multi-syllable

Beautiful →  the most beautiful

Difficult → the most difficult

E.g. multi-syllable and participle adjective

Surprising → the most surprising

Surprised→ the most surprised

E.g. One-syllable but a participle adjective

Shocked → the most shocked

SYLLABLE sound of a vowel created when pronouncing

the letters AELOU

1 syllable: Eat, pronounced “ret

2. syllables: eating, pronounced “eeting

3 syllables: worrying, pronounced “wah-reeing”

The tables below show the forms of adjectives and adverbs in three degrees of comparison.

Most adjectives of one syllable and some of more than one form the Comparative by adding-er and the Superlative by adding-est to the positive

POSITIVECOMPARATIVESUPERLATIVE
Small

Tall

Clever

Young

Great
Smaller

Taller

Cleverer

Younger

Greater
Smallest

Tallest

Cleverest

Youngest

Greatest

When the positive ends in -e, only -r and -st are added

POSITIVECOMPARATIVESUPERLATIVE
Brave

White

Large

Wise
Braver

Whiter

Largar

Wiser
Bravest

Whitest

Largest

Wisest

When the positive ends in -y, preceded by a consonant, the -y is changed into -t, before adding er and est.

POSITIVECOMPARATIVESUPERLATIVE
Happy

Heavy

Merry

Wealthy
Happier

Heavier

Merrier

Wealthier
Happiest

Heaviest

Merriest

Wealthiest

When the positive is a word of one syllable and ends in a single consonant, preceded by a short vowel, this consonant is doubled before adding er and est.

POSITIVECOMPARATIVESUPERLATIVE
Big

Hot

Thin

Fat
Bigger

Hotter

Thinner

Fatter
Biggest

Hottest

Thinnest

Fattest

Adjectives of more than two syllables from the comparative and superlative are not formed from the positive.

POSITIVECOMPARATIVESUPERLATIVE
Beautiful

Difficult

Industrious

Courageous
More Beautiful

More Difficult

More Industrious

More Courageous
Most Beautiful

Most Difficult

Most Industrious

Most Courageous

The following adjectives are compared irregularly; their comparative and superlative are not formed from the positive.

POSITIVECOMPARATIVESUPERLATIVE
Good / Well

Bad / Evil / ILL

Little / Less

Much / Many

Late

Old

Far
Better

Worse

Lesser

More

Latter / Later

Older / Elder

Farther
Best

Worst

Least

Most

Latest / Last

Oldest / Eldest

Farthest

Write the plural forms of the following

1. Horse   

2. Pen   

3 .table    

4. Girl     

5. Boy  

6. Student  

7. Cow       

8. Lion

9. Bag

10. Pencil

11. Bus

12. Gas

13. Glass

14. Class

15. Dish

16. Watch

17. Match

18. Box

19. Fox

20. Brush

21. City

22. Body

23. Story

24. Army

25. Lady

26. Baby

27. Day

28. Monkey

29. Tray

30. Ray

31. Man

32. Tooth

33. Foot

34. Mouse

35. Woman

36. Child

37. Ox

38. Deer

39. Fish

40. Sheep

41. Wife

42. Half

43. Wolf

44. Thief

45. Knife

46. father in law

47. step mother

48. Maidsenant

49. passer by

50. step father

1. Horse      Horses

2. Pen         Pens

3 table         Tables

4. Girl          Girls

5. Boy         Boys

6. Student  Students

7. Cow         Cows

8. Lion         Lions

9. Bag          bags

10. Pencil   pencils 

11. Bus         buses 

12. Gas        Gases

13. Glass  Glasses

14. Class  classes 

15. Dish     Dishes

16. Watch  Watches

17. Match   Matches

18. Box       Boxes

19. Fox       Foxes

20. Brush    Brushes

21. City       Cities

22. Body      Bodies

23. Story     Stories

24. Army    Armies

25. Lady   ladies

26. Baby            Babies

27. Day              Days

28. Monkey        Monkeys

29. Tray             trays

30. Ray            Rays

31. Man            Men

32. Tooth         Teeth

33. Foot          Feet

34. Mouse        Mice

35. Woman       Women

36. Child            Children

37. Ox             Oxen

38. Deer          Deer

39. Fish  fish

40. Sheep       Sheep

41. Wife            Wives

42. Half             Halves

43. Wolf           Wolves

44. Thief        Thieves

45. Knife                  Knives

46. father in law       Fathers-in-law

47. step mother       Step mothers

48. Maidservant      maidservants

49. passer by           Passers by

50. step father         Step fathers

Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the word in brackets.

  1. I met the — person during the conference. (nice)
  2. The president is the — person in the nation. (powerful)
  3. I didn’t enjoy the joke, I think it was the — joke I have ever heard. (bad)
  4. This is the – day this week. (wet)
  5. It was becoming – to land new clients so we had to market our products more. (hard)
  6. More accidents occur on this bridge because it is — than the new one. (narrow)
  7. Jacks home is — than your home. (far)
  8. This is the — dress in the store. (beautiful)
  9. The rugby players were – than the football players. (tired)
  10. Between the two teachers, she is – (polite)
  1. I met the nicest person during the conference.
  2. The president is the most powerful person in the nation.
  3. I didn't enjoy the joke, I think it was the worst joke I have ever heard.
  4. This is the wettest day this week.
  5. It was becoming harder to land new clients so we had to market our products more.
  6. More accidents occur on this bridge because it is narrower than the new one.
  7. Jacks home is farther than your home.
  8. This is the most beautiful dress in the store.
  9. The rugby players were more tired than the football players.
  10. Between the two teachers, she is polite

Fill in the blanks by putting appropriate forms of adjectives given in the brackets.
(well, long, well, costly, enthusiastic, famous, big, furious, great, tall)

  1. Lion is as___as tiger
  2. Gold is __than silver.
  3. Nyle is the__river in the world.
  4. Rahul is ___than Chirag.
  5. Gandhiji was one of the___freedom fighters of India.
  6. Ahmedabad is___than Surat.
  7. You speak English___than your sister does.
  8. Asha sang as__as Lata did.
  9. Rahul Dravid was the__cricketer in Test Cricket.
  10. Mitali is__than her friend.
  1. Lion is as furious as tiger.
  2. Gold is costlier than silver.
  3. Nyle is the longest river in the world.
  4. Rahul is taller than Chirag.
  5. Gandhiji was one of the most famous freedom fighters of India.
  6. Ahmedabad is bigger than Surat.
  7. You speak English better than your sister does.
  8. Asha sang as well as Lata did.
  9. Rahul Dravid was the greatest cricketer in Test Cricket.
  10. Mitali is more enthusiastic than her friend.

Choose the correct word to fill in the blank spaces.

  1. Which of the two drinks is__
  • more cold
  • most coldest
  • colder
  1. That dog is the__in the group.
  • more tinier
  • tiny
  • tiniest
  1. This is the right time to go on a vacation before I get__by work during the December holidays.
  • most overwhelming
  • more overwhelmed
  • overwhelming
  1. We thought the restaurant would be__since it was a weekday.
  • most crowded
  • lesser crowded
  • less crowded
  1. This is the__shoe I have.
  • most comfortable
  • more comfortable
  • comfortable
  1. I would have loved to give him the job, but he was the__qualified among all the candidates we interviewed.
  • lesser
  • less
  • least
  1. We found out that among the three brothers Jack was the__by the news of his mother’s demise.
  • more affected
  • most affected
  • affected
  1. Your family is__than your friends.
  • most important
  • more important
  • important
  1. We have the__actor in Asia with us today.
  • more famous
  • most famous
  • best famous
  1. The chemistry test we did today was__than the one we did one month earlier.
  • more easy
  • easiest
  • easier
  1. Which of the two drinks is__
  • more cold
  • most coldest
  • colder
  1. That dog is the__in the group.
  • more tinier
  • tiny
  • tiniest
  1. This is the right time to go on a vacation before I get__by work during the December holidays.
  • most overwhelming
  • more overwhelmed
  • overwhelming
  1. We thought the restaurant would be__since it was a weekday.
  • most crowded
  • lesser crowded
  • less crowded
  1. This is the__shoe I have.
  • most comfortable
  • more comfortable
  • comfortable
  1. I would have loved to give him the job, but he was the__qualified among all the candidates we interviewed.
  • lesser
  • less
  • least
  1. We found out that among the three brothers Jack was the__by the news of his mother's demise.
  • more affected
  • most affected
  • affected
  1. Your family is__than your friends.
  • most important
  • more important
  • important
  1. We have the__actor in Asia with us today.
  • more famous
  • most famous
  • best famous
  1. The chemistry test we did today was__than the one we did one month earlier.
  • more easy
  • easiest
  • easier

Indicate if these sentences are correct or incorrect. Rewrite the sentence making the necessary correction.

  1. Much less people came for the tournament than expected.
  2. We consider him the richer among his friends.
  3. Your daughter is friendlier than my son.
  4. This is by farthest the biggest house I have viewed
  5. The man was guiltier than the magistrate thought.
  6. He was more remorseful compared to his partner.
  7. This dress is twice as big as the other two your daughter has.
  8. These berries are darker than I expected.
  9. I found him after the accident. His injuries were bad than the driver’s.
  10. You need to practice more harder if you intend to win in the coming tournament
  1. Wrong. - Fewer people came for the tournament than expected.
  2. Wrong- We consider him the richest among his friends.
  3. Correct
  4. Wrong- This is by far the biggest house I have viewed.
  5. Correct
  6. Correct
  7. Correct
  8. Correct
  9. Wrong- I found him after the accident. His injuries were worse than the driver's.
  10. Wrong- You need to practice harder if you intend to win in the coming tournament.

Choose the correct plural or singular form to fill in the blanks.

  1. Healthier ___________________________________________
  2. as beautiful as________________________________________
  3. most expensive_______________________________________
  4. stricter______________________________________________
  5. more reliable_________________________________________
  6. busiest.______________________________________________
  7. as well as____________________________________________
  8. more creative__________________________________________
  9. one of the tallest______________________________________
  10. cheaper____________________________________________

Your sentences may vary.

  1. She looked healthier than she did the last week. (comparative degree)
  2. The building is as beautiful as any other building in the city. (positive degree)
  3. iPhone X has been the most expensive cell phone to date. (superlative degree)
  4. Most maths teachers are stricter than the others. (comparative degree)
  5. Tom is more reliable than any other friend I have. (comparative degree)
  6. Shops are the busiest during the Christmas holidays. (superlative degree)
  7. The assessment today did not go as well as it did yesterday. (positive degree)
  8. Children of these days are more creative than the older time. (comparative degree)
  9. Shital is one of the tallest girls in her class. (superlative degree)
  10. Products on online sites are cheaper than in the stores. (comparative degree)

Correct the superlative degree and comparative degree mistakes in these sentences.

  1. He lives most farthest than any of us.
  2. She is the more wiser cook among the five of us.
  3. Job welcomed the visitors most warmly than his brother.
  4. Which of the two dancers is more tall?
  5. I visit my nephew most often than he visits me.
  6. I did good than I had anticipated in the test.
  7. Ruby laughed the more loud than anyone else in the audience.
  8. The professor always knows good.
  9. Out of all the students who did the test my drawing was more perfect.
  10. Karen sings the badest in our classroom.
  1. He lives farther than any of us.
  2. She is the wisest cook among the five of us.
  3. Job welcomed the visitors more warmly than his brother.
  4. Which of the two dancers is taller?
  5. I visit my nephew more often than he visits me.
  6. I did better than I had anticipated in the test.
  7. Ruby laughed louder than anyone else in the audience.
  8. The professor always knows best.
  9. Out of all the students who did the test my drawing was most perfect.
  10. Karen sings the worst in our classroom.

Fill the blanks with the most appropriate degree of comparison of the word in brackets

China is known as the – (populous) country in the globe. Today the country’s population as of 2018 UN projections is at 1.42 billion people. China is known to have an abnormal ratio of boys to girls births. Where in most countries – (many) girls are born than boys, the reverse is true in China. This is attributed to the preference for boys by most Chinese families. India the second — (large) has 120 million — (few) people with a population of 1.28 billion. The third – largest (large) country in the world the United States has a much – (small) population of 323 million people. The Chinese population has been on the increase from the 1950s when the country was faced by famine and social unrest. Five of the – (deadly) wars happened in this country that killed an estimated 123 million people. The most – (deadly) of these wars was known as the Three Kingdoms period that saw around 40 million die due to war, disease, and famine. China is famous for the one-child policy that was introduced by the government in 1979. This policy was met with — (resistance) especially in the rural areas.Families who breached this policy often lied during population statistics, which made these statists – (reliable). The policy did slow down the growth although it had many negative effects including the – (serious) problem of an increasingly aging population. This saw the government revise the policy to a two-child policy in October 2015.

China is known as the most populous (populous) country in the globe. Today the country's population as of 2018 UN projections is at 1.42 billion people. China is known to have an abnormal ratio of boys to girl's births. Where in most countries more (many) girls are born than boys, the reverse is true in China. This is attributed to the preference for boys by most Chinese families. India the second largest (large) has 120 million fewer (few) people with a population of 1.28 billion.The third largest (large) country in the world the United States has a much smaller (small) population of 323 million people.The Chinese population has been on the increase from the 1950s when the country was faced by famine and social unrest. Five of the deadliest (deadly) wars happened in this country that killed an estimated 123 million people. The most deadly (deadly) of these wars was known as the Three Kingdoms period that saw around 40 million die due to war, disease, and famine. China is famous for the one-child policy that was introduced by the government in 1979. This policy was met with much resistant (resistance) especially in the rural areas. Families who breached this policy often lied during population statistics, which made these statists less reliable (reliable). The policy did slow down the growth although it had many negative effects including the serious (serious) problem of an increasingly aging population. This saw the government revise the policy to a two-child policy in October 2015.

 

What is a noun?

Noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea.

Eg. 

      People -> teacher, uncle, Englishman, princess

      Place -> house, America, school, gym

      Thing >pen, photo, desk, ball

      Idea ->love, kindness, wealth, bravery

What are the types of noun?

1. Common Noun: A noun that has common names for people, place, thing or idea.

Eg. restaurant, theatre, playground, shop, aunt, pen, car, house, bag, fireman, doctor

2. Proper Noun: It names specific people, place or things.

E.g. London, Mount Everest, Walt Disney, Statue of Liberty, American, Christmas

3. Abstract Noun: Nouns that cannot be touched or seen.

Eg, bravery, joy, religion, history, communication, fear, pride

4. Concrete Noun: Nouns that one can perceive with the five senses.

Eg. train, ocean, stone, flowers, house, light

5. Countable Noun: Nouns that one can count.

Eg chocolate, book, pen, train, phone.

6. Uncountable Noun: Refers to nouns that cannot be counted.

E.g. milk, water, rice, food, music, snow.

7. Compound Noun: Nouns that are made of two or more words.

Eg. court-martial, snowflake, daughter-in-law, eyeglasses.

8. Collective Noun: Refers to group of things or people.

Eg flock, team, crew, panel, family, cluster, bunch.

9. Singular Noun: Names one person, place, thing or idea.

Eg cat, bottle, book, movie, doctor, baby.

10. Plural Noun: A noun that refers to more than one person, place, thing or idea.

E.g. cats, bottles, books, movie, doctors, babies,

11. Possessive Noun: Noun that refers to show ownership.

E.g. student’s book, dad’s car, friend’s phone, Ross’ bag.

12. Masculine Noun: Refers to the words for men, boys and male animals.

•E.g. father, son, uncle, fox, stallion.

13. Feminine Noun: Nouns for words for women, girls and female animals.

Eg mother, daughter, aunt, vixen, mare.

14. Neuter Gender Noun: Nouns that are used to describe for both male and female.

E.g. teacher, dancer, actor, parent, cousin.

1. Common Noun:

Examples:

Crayon    book    pen    canvas    brush    car    television    axe    water    ladder    bridge    truth    man     town    cap    hammer    bell    house

Note: Common nouns are capitalized only when they start a sentence.

People (Profession)Places
AnimalsTheir Young One's
Doctor
Farm OwlOwlet
TeacherOfficeFrogTadpole
Farmer
CollegeCoyotePuppy
SingerFactoryHorseFoal
Artist
BankGoatKid
ActorGas stationRabbitKitten
ClerkMuseumPigeonSquab
PilotPost OfficeCowCalf
ManagerMultiplexLionCub
SailorRestaurantKangarooJeoy

2. Proper Noun:

Examples:

Michael    Africa     Peking     United Nations     Uncle George      Harry Potter      JK Rowling     London Eye

People Places
CelebrationsDays of the weekMonths of the year
Nelson Mandela
Big BenChristmasMondayJanuary
Abraham LincolnTaj Mahal New YearTuesdayFebruary
Princess DianaCanadaDiwaliWednesdayMarch
Sunita WilliamsBaker's StreetIndependence DayThrusdayApril
Tom CruiseEiffel TowerMemorial DayFridayMay
Aunt LizzySartbucksMother's DaySaturdayJune
Ms. WatsonThe Opera HouseHalloween--July
Dr CooperHarvard UniversityRamadan--August
Professor HawkingThe LouvreEaster--September
Oprah WinfreyGreat wall of chinaLabor Day--October
Michelle ObamaMcDonaldsAnzac Day--November
President TrumpDisneylandEid--December

3. Collective Noun:

PeopleAnimalsThingsAmount
a crewflock of birdsa deck of cardsa bar of chocolate
panel of judgesschool of fisha fleet of shipsa ball of string
crowd of shopperspack of wolvesa string of beadsa loaf of bread
a choirlitter of puppiesa bouquet of flowersa piece of paper
The governmentpod of dolphinsa cluster of grapesa slice of cheese
a gangherd of cattlea set of toolsa batch of bread
company of actorspride of lionsa groove of treesa cube of sugar

(underline - common nouns, bold- proper nouns)

  1. Kit’s favorite series is Game of Thrones.
  2. I like reading Harry Potter books.
  3. The players visited the Beaver Stadium in America.
  4. Kids wore costumes to the Christmas party.
  5. My friend watched a documentary about the Bermuda Triangle.
  6. Sachin Tendulkar is a favorite cricketer.
  7. A trip to Paris is what, Sam wishes for.
  8. Uncle Ted and Aunt Joan are my godparents.
  9. Avengers: Infinity Wars is a top grossing movie of the year.
  10. On the way to Mount Rushmore, my car broke down.
  1. Kit's favorite series is Game of Thrones.
  2. I like reading Harry Potter books.
  3. The players visited the Beaver Stadium in America.
  4. Kids wore costumes to the Christmas party.
  5. My friend watched a documentary about the Bermuda Triangle.
  6. Sachin Tendulkar is a favorite cricketer.
  7. A trip to Paris is what, Sam wishes for.
  8. Uncle Ted and Aunt Joan are my godparents.
  9. Avengers: Infinity Wars is a top grossing movie of the year.
  10. On the way to Mount Rushmore, my car broke down.

Considering the masculine nouns in the following sentences, change them to their feminine form.

  1. The waiter was serving the Duke of Cambridge.

__________________________________________

  1. When the Baron arrived, everyone stood up.

__________________________________________

  1. The master arrived late.

__________________________________________

  1. The poet was very passionate.

__________________________________________

  1. The author of the book lives across the road.

__________________________________________

  1. The host on the plane was very friendly.

__________________________________________

  1. The tiger and the lion should not be in the same compound.

__________________________________________

  1. He was the sole heir of his father’s estate.

__________________________________________

  1. The actor made the crowd laugh.

__________________________________________

  1. He loved his work as a steward.

__________________________________________

  1. I met the nicest person during the conference.
  2. The president is the most powerful person in the nation.
  3. I didn't enjoy the joke, I think it was the worst joke I have ever heard.
  4. This is the wettest day this week.
  5. It was becoming harder to land new clients so we had to market our products more.
  6. More accidents occur on this bridge because it is narrower than the new one.
  7. Jacks home is farther than your home.
  8. This is the most beautiful dress in the store.
  9. The rugby players were more tired than the football players.
  10. Between the two teachers, she is polite

Read the following passage and identify the common and proper nouns and write them under their respective table.

Queen Elizabeth was born in London on April 21, 1926. But officially her birthday is celebrated on the second Saturday of June, which is called as ‘the Trooping of the Colours. Her coronation took place on 2 June 1953 and she is the longest ruling British monarch. She is married to Prince Phillip, and they have four children, two boys and two girls. She lives in a palace called Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom. The Queen also resides in other castles like Windsor Castle, Palace of Holyroodhouse and Balmoral Castle to name a few. Every year she spends her Christmas at Sandringham House.

PROPER NOUN

COMMON NOUN

  
  
  
  

PROPER NOUN

COMMON NOUN

Queen Elizabeth

birthday

London

coronation

April

monarch

Use

children

Saturday

boys

June

girls

Trooping of the colours

palace

British

Prince Philip

queen

Buckingham Palace

castles

United Kingdom

year

Palace of Holyroodhouse

 

Balmoral castle

 

Christmas

 

Sandringham house

 

 

Choose the correct form of noun from the brackets.

  1. She lost her new pair of__ (spectacle spectacles)
  2. Never knew Tom was interested in__(billiards/billiard)
  3. Ella bought home many__. (fishes/fish)
  4. Two__accompanied the victim to the hospital. (person/people)
  5. My cat has four__. (offspring/offsprings)
  6. Pizza is my favorite form of__(eatable/eatables)
  7. My friend owns many__(cattle/cattles)
  8. Today her__are coming. (brother-in-law/brothers-in-law)
  9. A yellow__fell from the tree. (leaves/leaf)
  10. My favourite subject as a student was__(Mathematic/Mathematics)
  1. She lost her new pair of spectacles.
  2. Never knew Tom was interested in billiards.
  3. Ella bought home many fish.
  4. Two people accompanied the victim to the hospital.
  5. My cat has four offspring.
  6. Pizza is my favorite form of eatables.
  7. My friend owns many cattle.
  8. Today her brothers-in-law are coming.
  9. A yellow leaf fell from the tree.
  10. My favourite subject as a student was Mathematics.

The exercise tests your knowledge of countable and uncountable nouns. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences given below.

  1. Kashmir is famous for its pristine natural__
  • beauty
  • Beauties
  1. My friend is the centre for all the__one needs about our school.
  • informations
  • Information
  1. Ben is an excellent candidate as he has adequate__on the subject.
  • knowledge
  • Knowledges
  1. Phoebe is worried about the__of her nieces and nephews in her small house.
  • accommodation
  • accommodations
  1. My sister is not a light traveller; she always gets__
  • a lot of luggage
  • many luggages
  1. The air stewardess was concerned about the__of all the passengers
  • safety
  • safeties
  1. With the extended summer this year, there is hardly any__in the pond.
  • waters
  • Water
  1. We should get rid of __for a cleaner environment.
  • garbages
  • Garbage
  1. I asked my mother to give me some__
  • advice
  • advice

10. I had lent Richie some__which he hasn’t paid back yet.

  • Money
  • Moneys 
  1. Kashmir is famous for its pristine natural__
  • beauty
  • Beauties
  1. My friend is the centre for all the__one needs about our school.
  • informations
  • Information
  1. Ben is an excellent candidate as he has adequate__on the subject.
  • knowledge
  • Knowledges
  1. Phoebe is worried about the__of her nieces and nephews in her small house.
  • accommodation
  • accommodations
  1. My sister is not a light traveller; she always gets__
  • a lot of luggage
  • many luggages
  1. The air stewardess was concerned about the__of all the passengers
  • safety
  • safeties
  1. With the extended summer this year, there is hardly any__in the pond.
  • waters
  • Water
  1. We should get rid of __for a cleaner environment.
  • garbages
  • Garbage
  1. I asked my mother to give me some__
  • advice
  • advices

10. I had lent Richie some__which he hasn't paid back yet.

  • Money
  • Moneys 

Choose the correct plural or singular form to fill in the blanks.

  1. The child was crying when we came.

____________________________________

  1. His puppy was born blind.

____________________________________

  1. We took a train and a bus when we travelled.

____________________________________

  1. The last batch of paper arrived yesterday.

____________________________________

  1. The team likes to stay in a group.

_____________________________________

  1. The cat spilled all the milk.

____________________________________

  1. How did that monkey get into the kitchen?

____________________________________

  1. The army marched towards the enemy without fear.

____________________________________

  1. The man needed to catch the ball to win.

____________________________________

  1. The goat and the sheep were in the same pen.

____________________________________

  1. The children were crying when we came.
  2. His puppies were born blind.
  3. We took trains and buses when we travelled
  4. The last batches of paper arrived yesterday.
  5. The teams like to stay in groups.
  6. The cats spilled all the
  7. How did those monkeys get into the kitchen?
  8. The armies marched towards the enemies without fear.
  9. The men needed to catch the balls to win.
  10. The goats and the sheeps were in the same pen.

Use the noun forms of the following verbs to complete the sentences. An example has been given. Add other words as required.
Cut, build, hide, say, decide, succeed, acknowledge, create, throw, admire, accept

Ex. She was promoted. It was an acknowledgement of her work.

  1. Do I have___in this topic as it is my future we are talking about?
  2. In the wildlife safari, we could watch all exotic animals closely because__was set up.
  3. Zara spoiled her expensive sofa covers; now she is making__out of old clothes.
  4. It was my friend’s hard work; she deserves__from the profit.
  5. Even though he is of medium__he has performed exceptionally well in the sports competition.
  6. God is the__of the whole universe.
  7. The__that management took would not only affect the employees but also the customers.
  8. These days many children face the pressure to__academically.
  9. His parents were modern thinkers hence__of many ideas was relatively easy for them
  10. After knowing his days of struggle, she had nothing but__for him.

 

  1. Do I have a say in this topic as it is my future we are talking about?
  2. In the wildlife safari, we could watch all exotic animals closely because a hide was set up.
  3. Zara spoiled her expensive sofa covers; now she is making a throw out of old clothes.
  4. It was my friend's hard work; she deserves a cut from the profit.
  5. Even though he is of medium build, he has performed exceptionally well in the sports competition.
  6. God is the creator of the whole universe.
  7. The decision that management took would not only affect the employees but even the customers.
  8. These days many children face the pressure to succeed academically.
  9. His parents were modern thinkers hence acceptance of many ideas was relatively easy for them.
  10. After knowing his days of struggle, she had nothing but admiration for him.

Read the passage below and point out the nouns and their types.

Many people argue that Globalization cannot be stopped. Some feel that there have been numerous negative side effects such as instability in the economy, where the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer. The environment has also deteriorated due to the development of infrastructure and housing. Despite this, the positive effects of globalization can be felt. Developing countries have benefited greatly from globalization. The spread of technology has grown tremendously which has increased productivity, better health systems have emerged, and this has improved the living standards of many people.

In the past developing countries could not access the world economy due to the barriers that existed especially in trade. The World Bank, however, has been able to come through by encouraging developing countries to get funding in the form of loans to improve the livelihood of their citizens. One of the advantages of globalization is that there has been increased ease of transport for people and goods both for export and import.

In conclusion, globalization has affected the world negatively and positively. but the positive effects may outdo the negative and if spread equally to all class of people globalization can improve the lives of millions of people worldwide

Many people argue that Globalization cannot be stopped. Some feel that there have been numerous negative side effects such as instability in the economy, where the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer. The environment has also deteriorated due to the development of infrastructure and housing. Despite this, the positive effects of globalization can be felt. Developing countries have benefited greatly from globalization. The spread of technology has grown tremendously which has increased productivity, better health systems have emerged, and this has improved the living standards of many people.

In the past developing countries could not access the world economy due to the barriers that existed especially in trade. The World Bank, however, has been able to come through by encouraging developing countries to get funding in the form of loans to improve the livelihood of their citizens. One of the advantages of globalization is that there has been increased ease of transport for people and goods both for export and import.

In conclusion, globalization has affected the world negatively and positively. but the positive effects may outdo the negative and if spread equally to all class of people globalization can improve the lives of millions of people worldwide.

  1. People- common noun
  2. Globalization-abstract noun
  3. Economy- abstract noun
  4. Infrastructure- collective noun.
  5. Housing- collective noun
  6. Countries-common noun
  7. Technology-abstract noun
  8. World- common noun
  9. Trade-abstract noun
  10. World Bank- proper noun
  11. Citizens-common noun
  12. Goods-common noun
  13. Export-common noun
  14. Import-common noun

What is the Noun Clause?

It is a dependent clause that acts as a noun.

It usually begins with words such as how, where, why, if (‘if may be replaced by whether’) when, what, whenever, wherever etc.

It can be a subject or object.

Eg.

  1. Can you tell me what time it is?
  2. Teach me how to drive a car.
  3. I do not know where they have gone.
  4. Do you know why he is angry?
  5. She asked me if I could help her.
  6. Inform me when you will come.
  7. Our services are available wherever you go.
  8. She will be pleased with whatever you gift her.
  9. Please contact me whenever you visit my hometown.
  10. What you think now is crucial for shaping your career.
  11. I wonder when he will come.

 

Complete the following sentences using an appropriate noun clause.

  1. He asked me________________
  2. She said______________
  3. I was wondering____________
  4. I can’t understand________________
  5. No one told me________________
  6. I don’t remember__________________
  7. I will never forgive_________________
  8. She discovered__________________
  9. Do you know____________________
  10. I don’t know_______________________
  1. He asked me what I was studying.
  2. She said that her brother got admission in Canada.
  3. I was wondering if you wanted to join us for dinner.
  4. I can't understand how somebody to let that happen.
  5. No one told me where I was supposed to submit the documents.
  6. I don't remember if you had a meeting today.
  7. I will never forgive how you kept us waiting
  8. She discovered that her friend is engaged to her cousin.
  9. Do you know where the Secretariat is?
  10. I don't know if he was serious about the proposal.

Identify and underline the noun clause in the following sentences.

  1. You know that the Tuesday’s show got cancelled.
  2. Whatever you say in the interview will be out there, forever.
  3. It is obvious that unsatisfied customers complain to you.
  4. We are in dilemma What we should do now.
  5. Our habits always follow us wherever we go.
  6. I wondered if he did his homework.
  7. Pay careful attention to what the speaker is going to say.
  8. Can you suggest me what to do next?
  9. Whether a report is considered, depends on many things.
  10. She can talk to whomever she likes.
  1. You know that the Tuesday's show got cancelled.
  2. Whatever you say in the interview will be out there, forever.
  3. It is obvious that unsatisfied customers complain to you.
  4. We are in dilemma What we should do now.
  5. Our habits always follow us wherever we go.
  6. I wondered if he did his homework.
  7. Pay careful attention to what the speaker is going to say.
  8. Can you suggest me what to do next?
  9. Whether a report is considered, depends on many things.
  10. She can talk to whomever she likes.

Complete each sentence with a properly formed noun clause.

  1. It bothers me_________
  • that my work is not challenging
  • where my work is not challenging
  1. Sam wanted to know______
  • what did the owner tell me
  • what the owner told me
  1. The manager will inform us_____
  • how are we supposed to promote the product
  • how we are supposed to promote the product

4 Peter really don’t know____________

  • what he should do
  • what should he do
  1. _________is my wish, and no one else’s. 
  • what do I study
  • what I study
  1. My friend wants to know_______
  • how am I feeling
  • how I am feeling
  1. He could not believe_______
  • what he has won
  • what has he won
  1. Why do you find it so difficult to understand___________?
  • what I am telling you
  • what am I telling you
  1. I am surprised____________
  • how could she not know of the trip
  • how she could not know of the trip
  1. I am not sure ___________
  • If the best thing to do is that
  • If that is the best thing to do 
  1. It bothers me_________
  • that my work is not challenging
  • where my work is not challenging
  1. Sam wanted to know______
  • what did the owner tell me
  • what the owner told me
  1. The manager will inform us_____
  • how are we supposed to promote the product
  • how we are supposed to promote the product

4 Peter really don't know____________

  • what he should do
  • what should he do
  1. _________is my wish, and no one else's. 
  • what do I study
  • what I study
  1. My friend wants to know_______
  • how am I feeling
  • how I am feeling
  1. He could not believe_______
  • what he has won
  • what has he won
  1. Why do you find it so difficult to understand___________?
  • what I am telling you
  • what am I telling you
  1. I am surprised____________
  • how could she not know of the trip
  • how she could not know of the trip
  1. I am not sure ___________
  • If the best thing to do is that
  • If that is the best thing to do

Identify the noun clauses in the following passage.

Why he decided to commit suicide, we may never know. We never thought to ask if he had any problem because he was always jovial. The friends who he has left behind have a very strange story. They say his greatest weakness was that he couldn’t do without drugs. Whatever little money he could find he used it on drugs. It didn’t matter where the money came from; he was determined to buy drugs by all means. We the parents always thought that our son was happy and comfortable. Now he is gone never to come back. We pray that whoever introduced him to drugs may face the wrath of the law. Whatever it takes we will make sure justice is done. It doesn’t matter if we are left poor but, we will use our resources to ensure no other person dies because of drug addiction. How soon people talk about drug addiction will determine whether the condition can be treated.

Why he decided to commit suicide, we may never know. We never thought to ask if he had any problem because he was always jovial. The friends who he has left behind have a very strange story. They say his greatest weakness was that he couldn't do without drugs. Whatever little money he could find he used it on drugs. It didn't matter where the money came from; he was determined to buy drugs by all means. We the parents always thought that our son was happy and comfortable. Now he is gone never to come back. We pray that whoever introduced him to drugs may face the wrath of the law. Whatever it takes we will make sure justice is done. It doesn't matter if we are left poor but, we will use our resources to ensure no other person dies because of drug addiction. How soon people talk about drug addiction will determine whether the condition can be treated.

Identify the multiple noun clauses in the sentences below

  1. What number comes out first will determine who goes first.
  2. I don’t care who pays me all I care is how much i m paid.
  3. The issue is not who called the police but how the accident happened.
  4. You said whoever wins the race can choose whatever he wants.
  5. It counts who hired him and if it was done in the right manner.
  6. I will eat whatever you cook at whichever time I come home.
  7. I pray that everyone finds peace with whatever is bothering them.
  8. The town where he was raised will be owned by whoever wins the lottery.
  9. My friends who were here recently always believed that I own a lot of property.
  10. Why he left us, we may never know because we are not sure if we can trust the information he gave us.

 

  1. What number comes out first will determine who goes first.
  2. I don't care who pays me all I care is how much i m paid.
  3. The issue is not who called the police but how the accident happened.
  4. You said whoever wins the race can choose whatever he wants.
  5. It counts who hired him and if it was done in the right manner.
  6. I will eat whatever you cook at whichever time I come home.
  7. I pray that everyone finds peace with whatever is bothering them.
  8. The town where he was raised will be owned by whoever wins the lottery.
  9. My friends who were here recently always believed that I own a lot of property.
  10. Why he left us, we may never know because we are not sure if we can trust the information he gave us.

Change the question into sentences with a noun clause using the sentence openers given in the bracket - (Recall the structure of interrogative sentences.)

  1. Where is the hospital? (Can you show me)

__________________________________

  1. What is the problem? (Would you Explain)

___________________________________

  1. When does the event begin? (Can you tell me)

____________________________________

  1. What is his age? (Do you know)

____________________________________

  1. Where did we drop it? (Do you remember)

____________________________________

  1. Where can I pay? (I don’t know)

____________________________________

  1. Are there any banks in this town? (Do you know)

____________________________________

  1. Am I qualified for the training? (Can you tell me)

____________________________________

  1. Do you want to travel with me? (Make a decision)

____________________________________

  1. Why did she cut her hair? (No one knows)

____________________________________

  1. Where is the hospital? (Can you show me)

Can you show me where the hospital is?

  1. What is the problem? (Would you Explain)

Would you explain what the problem is?

  1. When does the event begin? (Can you tell me)

Can you tell me when the event begins?

  1. What is his age? (Do you Know)

Do you know what his age is?

  1. Where did we drop it? (Do you remember)

Do you remember where we dropped it?

  1. Where can I pay? (I don't know)

I don't know where I can pay.

  1. Are there any banks in this town? (Do you know)

Do you know if there are any banks in this town?

  1. Am I qualified for the training? (Can you tell me)

Can you tell me if I'm qualified for the training?

  1. Do you want to travel with me? (Make a decision)

Make a decision if you want to travel with me.

  1. Why did she cut her hair? (No one knows)

No one knows why she cut her hair.

Identify the noun clause in the sentences below and underline the same.

Ex. She was promoted. It was an acknowledgement of her work.

  1. Do I have___in this topic as it is my future we are talking about?
  2. In the wildlife safari, we could watch all exotic animals closely because__was set up.
  3. Zara spoiled her expensive sofa covers; now she is making__out of old clothes.
  4. It was my friend’s hard work; she deserves__from the profit.
  5. Even though he is of medium__he has performed exceptionally well in the sports competition.
  6. God is the__of the whole universe.
  7. The__that management took would not only affect the employees but also the customers.
  8. These days many children face the pressure to__academically.
  9. His parents were modern thinkers hence__of many ideas was relatively easy for them
  10. After knowing his days of struggle, she had nothing but__for him.

 

  1. Buy whatever you like for lunch.
  2. Whichever gift you choose is okay with me.
  3. Remember to call whoever wronged you and make peace.
  4. Are you aware of what the odds will be?
  5. My greatest strength is that I am a fighter.
  6. It's vital we deliberate about why we make mistakes.
  7. I don't know how much we should pay.
  8. Never give whichever client you serve a chance to con you.
  9. I'm carrying extra clothes for when it gets cold.
  10. After doing the homework, I can play whichever game I want.

Use If/whether to construct a noun clause that answers the following questions.

  1. Does Mary still play the piano?
  2. Is this food good for your health?
  3. Will I make it on time?
  4. Are they at home?
  5. Am I welcomto come in?
  6. Will we get a pass through?
  7. Is it safe to travel at this hour?
  8. Does John own the property?
  9. Are you travelling today?
  10. Can I sell this gift?
  1. I don't know if Mary still plays the piano.
  2. I don't know whether that food is good for your health.
  3. I don't know if you will make it on time.
  4. I don't know whether they are at home.
  5. I don't know if you are welcome to come in.
  6. I'm not sure if you will get a pass through.
  7. I'm not sure if it is safe to travel at this hour.
  8. I'm not sure if John owns the property.
  9. I don't know whether I'm travelling today.
  10. I'm not sure whether you can sell that gift.

What is a Pronoun?

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. As substitutes for nouns, pronouns help in writing by avoiding repetition.

What are the different types of Pronouns?

Pronouns are classified into several types:

  1. Personal Pronouns
  2. Demonstrative Pronouns
  3. Interrogative Pronouns
  4. Indefinite Pronouns
  5. Reflexive Pronouns
  6. Relative Pronouns
  1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS:

It indicates about the person speaking, the person who is spoken to or the person or object spoken of. There are three forms of personal pronouns.

Subject Pronoun        Object Pronoun       Possessive Pronoun

       I                               Me                                   Mine

     You                            You                                 Yours

      He                             Him                                His                     

    She                             Her                                 Hers

      It                                It                                      Its

      We                             Us                                  Our

    They                            Them                             Thiers

E.g.

  • I love watching movies.
  • This book belongs to me.
  • I have a sister; this phone is hers.

. My neighbour is a pet lover, and his dogs are well-mannered.

  1. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS:

This pronoun directs attention to particular people or things. There are four types of demonstrative pronouns:

  1. This 
  2. That  } Singular
  1. These  
  2. Those  } Plural

“This” and “These” refer to things that are nearby in time or distance.

“That” and “Those refer to things that are far away in time or distance.

This is my friend’s necklace.

These smell very fresh.

That looks like the house I would like to live in.

Those flowers over there are very beautiful.

  1. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS:

It replaces nouns in questions. They include who, which, what, whoever, whatever, and whose.

E.g.

  • What was the program you watched last night?
  • Who fell asleep on the couch?
  • Which is the book you read last time?
  • Whom should I say is calling?
  1. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:

It replaces nouns, but they do not refer to any specific person, place or thing.

Any, anybody, anyone, either, neither, nobody, no, someone, some, every, all, both, and each; several, enough, many, and much.

E.g.

  • Every adult should exercise voting.
  • Each story has two sides.
  • Several people were against the new law.
  1. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS:

This type of pronoun have words ending in “self” or “selves” when the subject and object of the sentence are the same

They are:

Myself ourself himself herself oneself itself Ourselves yourselves themselves

E.g.

  • Jack wanted to do the work himself.
  • My niece is four, and she likes to dress herself.
  • I taught myself to draw sketches.
  • My dog keep scratching itself.
  1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS:

Relative pronouns can be used to join two sentences.

Most common are

Who that  where which when

E.g.

  • The painter who won the competition practised hard.
  • The bag that I bought yesterday got stolen.
  • The market where we bought the upholstery from got closed down.

Write the appropriate pronoun from the box

  1. My friend and__go shopping every Sunday.
  2. __need to follow her closely.
  3. Mother watched the children carefully as__were studying.
  4. They have forgotten their money. Please call__
  5. Finally, Dad confessed.__ planned the surprise party.
  6. __can grind the flowers to make oil.
  7. What is__doing?
  8. I think I have seen__before.
  9. We scored as many goals as__
  10. Both Sita and Savitri are tired, __have gone home.
  1. My friend and I go shopping every Sunday.
  2. You need to follow her closely.
  3. Mother watched the children carefully as they were studying.
  4. They have forgotten their money. Please call them.
  5. Finally, Dad confessed. He planned the surprise party.
  6. We can grind the flowers to make oil.
  7. What is she doing?
  8. I think I have seen him before.
  9. We scored as many goals as them.
  10. Both Sita and Savitri are tired, they have gone home.

Choose the correct pronoun to complete the sentences.

  1. He talks too much but does___
  • much little
  • little
  • some very few
  • Few

2.___of the two achievements is greater?

  • That
  • which
  • both
  • What
  1. If he knew he was going to be a counsellor, he would have taught___how to control his anger.
  • herself
  • itself
  • him
  • himself

4.___did he say that?

  • whatever
  • however
  • which
  • how
  1. The players started attacking___
  • one another
  • every other
  • other
  • Them
  1. This room is more comfortable than____
  • our
  • your
  • her
  • mine

7.____is better, going to college or getting a job?

  • What
  • which
  • how
  • Whatever
  1. Each one of us survived the addiction for a reason; perhaps__was to teach others about drug abuse.
  • your
  • yours
  • Ours
  • him

9.____are my rules, and you will have to follow them.

  • these
  • that
  • some
  • every
  1. I need __soup on this table.
  • a few
  • some more
  • little
  • few more
  1. He talks too much but does___
  • much little
  • little
  • some very few
  • Few

2.___of the two achievements is greater?

  • that
  • which
  • both
  • What
  1. If he knew he was going to be a counsellor, he would have taught___how to control his anger.
  • herself
  • itself
  • him
  • himself

4.___did he say that?

  • whatever
  • however
  • which
  • how
  1. The players started attacking___
  • one another
  • every other
  • other
  • Them
  1. This room is more comfortable than____
  • our
  • your
  • her
  • mine

7.____is better, going to college or getting a job?

  • What
  • which
  • how
  • Whatever
  1. Each one of us survived the addiction for a reason; perhaps__was to teach others about drug abuse.
  • your
  • yours
  • Ours
  • him

9.____are my rules, and you will have to follow them.

  • these
  • that
  • some
  • every
  1. I need __soup on this table.
  • a few
  • some more
  • little
  • few more

Relative Pronoun (Revise the theory and solve the following questions.) Use suitable relative pronouns to complete each sentence. If none is required, put "X".

  1. It was Joel__found the lost cat and reported about it.
  2. Jacob apologized for his behaviour,__they turned a blind eye to.
  3. There were many clauses in the injunction, most of__were explained thoroughly in the file.
  4. This was the cafe__we first met and spoke.
  5. Much__your grandparents left in their will is going to a charity.
  6. This is the juggler__ We saw yesterday.
  7. I have found the pen__I lost.
  8. There is no one__has not lost a friend.
  9. __is done and cannot be undone.
  10. Time__is lost is never found again.
  1. It was Joel who found the lost cat and reported about it.
  2. Jacob apologized for his behaviour, which they turned a blind eye to.
  3. There were many clauses in the injunction, most of which were explained thoroughly in the file.
  4. This was the juggler whom we saw yesterday.
  5. Much that your grandparents left in their will is going to a charity.
  6. This is the boy that I told you about.
  7. I have found the pen which I lost.
  8. There is no one who has not lost a friend.
  9. What is done cannot be undone.
  10. Time that is lost is never found again.

Choose the correct option a, b, c or d.

  1. Is there___wrong with the file?
  • something
  • anything
  • other things
  • both a and b

2 We don’t have to be in such a hurry;__minutes are left.

  • a few
  • a little
  • few
  • Little
  1. Does__matter if I come along or not?
  • it
  • this
  • that
  • I

4.__mall is crowded on Sundays.

  • all
  • every
  • each
  • Both
  1. Look there,__is my car.
  • this
  • that
  • those
  • their
  1. These men received__a reward.
  • every
  • all
  • each
  • each other

7__men are born great.

  • some
  • each
  • Few
  • both a and c

8.___of the accusations is true.

  • some
  • none
  • neither
  • both b and c
  1. These horses cost five thousand rupees__
  • either
  • each
  • neither
  • both band c
  1. The friends greeted____
  • Some
  • none
  • every
  • each other
  1. Is there___wrong with the file?
  • something
  • anything
  • other thing
  • both a and b

2 We don't have to be in such a hurry;__minutes are left.

  • a few
  • a little
  • few
  • Little
  1. Does__matter if I come along or not?
  • it
  • this
  • that
  • I

4.__mall is crowded on Sundays.

  • all
  • every
  • each
  • Both
  1. Look there,__is my car.
  • this
  • that
  • those
  • their
  1. These men received__a reward.
  • every
  • all
  • each
  • each other

7__men are born great.

  • some
  • each
  • Few
  • both a and c

8.___of the accusations is true.

  • some
  • none
  • neither
  • both b and c
  1. These horses cost five thousand rupees__
  • either
  • each
  • neither
  • both band c
  1. The friends greeted____
  • Some
  • none
  • every
  • each other

In each of the sentences below, indicate the pronoun and its type.

  1. I looked for them in the hostels, but I could not find them.
  2. Who drove Mrs Deraoso to the hospital?
  3. Deva insisted that he could do the calculus test himself.
  4. We agreed that we would talk to each other once we graduate.
  5. She wanted to go to the dance because her nephew was there.
  6. Nobody attempted to argue with the thieves because they had guns.
  7. These are the names of the street boys that our foundation has helped.
  8. Several cars were sold at the auction.
  9. Who passed the hard test we were given for the summer?
  10. We loved him very much which made it hard for us to accept his death.
  1. I looked for them in the hostels, but I could not find them.

Personal object pronoun

  1. Who drove Mrs Deraoso to the hospital?

Interrogative pronoun

  1. Deva insisted that he could do the calculus test himself.

Reflexive pronoun

  1. We agreed that we would talk to each other once we graduate.

Reciprocal pronoun

  1. She wanted to go to the dance because her nephew was there.

Personal subject pronoun

  1. Nobody attempted to argue with the thieves because they had guns.

Indefinite pronoun

  1. These are the names of the street boys that our foundation has helped.

Demonstrative pronoun

  1. Several cars were sold at the auction.

Indefinite pronoun

  1. Who passed the hard test we were given for the summer?

Interrogative pronoun

  1. We loved him very much which made it hard for us to accept his death.

Personal pronoun

Indicate by underlining the object pronouns in these sentences.

  1. James is in love with Casey, but he won’t tell her how he feels.
  2. Look out for snakes when you visit the forest. Some of them hide under rocks.
  3. My brother-in-law is fun to be around; I like him very much.
  4. The gift is for my friend. It’s his birthday.
  5. I hear the dancers have already arrived, but I am yet to meet them.
  6. I will not watch the Titanic movie with you; I have already watched it numerous times.
  7. My mother is so happy. Her workmates presented her with a saxophone for her birthday.
  8. Let’s try this exercise one more time, but this time you will have to do it yourself.
  9. I want to buy a car. Do you think I can afford it?
  10. I adore my son; he is the only one that makes me happy.
  1. James is in love with Casey, but he won't tell her how he feels.
  2. Look out for snakes when you visit the forest. Some of them hide under rocks.
  3. My brother-in-law is fun to be around; I like him very much.
  4. The gift is for my friend. It's his 
  5. I hear the dancers have already arrived, but I am yet to meet them.
  6. I will not watch the Titanic movie with you; I have already watched it numerous times.
  7. My mother is so happy. Her workmates presented her with a saxophone for her birthday.
  8. Let's try this exercise one more time, but this time you will have to do it
  9. I want to buy a car. Do you think I can afford it?
  10. I adore my son; he is the only one that makes me happy.

Which nouns do the pronouns in these sentences represent or identify?

  1. I looked up Portugal on the internet and decided that is where I want to study.
  2. I took my cat to the vet because she kept on scratching herself.
  3. I wanted to have a vanilla cake for my birthday but the bakery I visited told me it was sold out
  4. Have you seen Gregory, he is needed in the dining room.
  5. Those are the lovely chairs I want to buy.
  6. I took your phone which you left at the coffee table before you went to bed.
  7. Dave and Shaklee love to dance, however, they understand that their studies come first.
  8. We adore Mrs. Drue, her lessons are always engaging.
  9. I like your painting, but I love hers more.
  10. The teacher himself made the announcement.
  1. I looked up Portugal on the internet and decided that is where I want to study.

 Portugal

  1. I took my cat to the vet because she kept on scratching herself.

The cat

  1. I wanted to have a vanilla cake for my birthday but the bakery I visited told me it was sold out

Vanilla cake

  1. Have you seen Gregory, he is needed in the dining room.

Gregory

  1. Those are the lovely chairs I want to buy.

Chairs

  1. I took your phone which you left at the coffee table before you went to bed.

Your Phone

  1. Dave and Shaklee love to dance, however, they understand that their studies come first.

Dave and Shaklee

  1. We adore Mrs. Drue, her lessons are always engaging.

Mrs. Drue

  1. I like your painting, but I love hers more.

Her Painting

  1. The teacher himself made the announcement.

The Teacher 

 

Complete these sentences with the best pronoun. If none is needed leave the space blank.

  1. Harry insisted that he was innocent and most of ___ believed him.
  2. My parents love New York because it was ___ they first met.
  3. He damaged the sneakers ___ I had bought in India.
  4. These pair of jeans do not fit anymore; I think I have shrunk ___
  5. ___ do you intend to do about your new business?
  6. She keeps hanging up the telephone on ___
  7. ___ should follow your guide wherever she goes during the tour.
  8. She learnt to do things by ___ since she was young.
  9. The visitors kept on laughing; they could get ___ of his jokes.
  10. ___ television series are you watching today?
  1. Harry insisted that he was innocent and most of us believed him.
  2. My parents love New York because it was where they first met.
  3. He damaged the sneakers that I had bought in India.
  4. These pair of jeans do not fit anymore; I think I have shrunk them.
  5. What do you intend to do about your new business?
  6. She keeps hanging up the telephone on me.
  7. You should follow your guide wherever she goes during the tour.
  8. She learnt to do things by herself since she was young.
  9. The visitors kept on laughing; they could get most of his jokes.
  10. Which television series are you watching today?

What is an adjective?

The adjective is a word that describes the qualities or provides more information about the noun, i.e. about people, places, things etc.

E.g.

  • Hailey wore a beautiful dress to the party.
  • Tom and Jerry is a funny cartoon.
  • Nikki’s cake has nine candles.
  • It smells fresh in the garden.
  • The dog looks happy.

Types of Adjectives

  • Adjectives that describe the quality of the noun and pronoun.

E.g.

  • Yesterday I met a kind lady.
  • The new house that I rented looks strange.
  • The actor of the movie has a deep voice

 

Some adjectives describe about what the things are made of.

E.g.

  • I am looking for my silver spoon.
  • My friend brought a silk dress.
  • The concrete road is not constructed properly.
  • Certain adjectives tell about the color of things.

E.g.

  • Sarah can’t find her brown jacket.
  • Among all the houses, the purple one is mine.

Some adjectives describe about the size of the noun.

E.g.

  • My friend has a big farmhouse.
  • I work in one of the tall buildings in the city.

Certain adjectives describe the origin or nationality of the noun.

E.g.

  • My friend got me a Mexican hat from her trip.
  • Moe wants to own an Italian car.

Order of Adjective:

At times, Some adjectives are used to describe a noun or pronoun. When two or more adjectives are used, the adjectives are placed according to an order in the sentence.

The order is size, quality, colour, origin, and substance.

E.g.

Live in a big beautiful American-styled house.

Big- Size

Beautiful- quality 

American- origin

E.g.

Molly married a tall handsome English man.

Formation of Adjective:

Some adjectives end in -ful.

E.g.

  • A joyful baby
  • A helpful citizen
  • A skilful player.

Some adjectives in -ous.

E.g.

  • A dangerous task
  • A famous actor
  • A humorous play

Some adjectives end in -y.

E.g.

  • Stormy weather 
  • Dirty clothes
  • Sleepy driver.

Some adjectives end in – less.

E.g.

  • A careless kid
  • A fearless citizen
  • A meaningless book

Some adjectives end in -al.

E.g.

  • The national anthem
  • A magical world
  • A personal responsibility

Some adjectives that end in -ic, -ish, -ible, -able, -ive and -ly.

E.g.

  • Stylish model
  • A convertible car
  • Iconic fashion
  • Fashionable clothes
  • Lovely weather
  • Creative story

Few adjectives end in -ing.

E.g.

  • Loving family
  • Boring movie
  • Exciting company

Many of the adjectives end in ed.

E.g.

  • Worried parents
  • Satisfied buyer
  • Excited travellers

Combine the following sentences by using words mentioned below.

who that which whom whose where when why

  1. Soham is the class topper. He is always punctual.
  2. Toronto is a big city. People from different backgrounds live there.
  3. Surat is a city of Gujarat. It is well known for diamonds.
  4. It was afternoon. I met her at that time.
  5. People should avoid using vehicles. Some vehicles emit poisonous gases.
  6. I know Remi. Remi’s husband is a bank manager.
  7. My cousin lives in Canada. He is an engineer with a multinational company.
  8. Paul is my colleague. You know him very well.
  9. She is my niece. I would like to talk with her.
  10. People of Gujarat celebrate Uttarayan. It is celebrated on 14th January.
  1. Soham, who is the class topper, is always punctual.
  2. Toronto is a big city where people from different backgrounds live.
  3. Surat is a city of Gujarat which is well known for diamonds.
  4. It was afternoon when I met her.
  5. People should avoid using vehicles which emit poisonous gases.
  6. I know Remi whose husband is a bank manager.
  7. My cousin lives in Canada where he is an engineer with a multinational company.
  8. Paul, whom you know very well, is my colleague.
  9. She is my niece with whom I would like to talk.
  10. People of Gujarat celebrate Uttarayan which is celebrated on 14th January.

Combine the following pairs of sentences using an adjective clause.

  1. My friend looked very pale. She was sick.
  2. A cop was nearby. She called to him.
  3. She was sitting in the waiting room. It was very crowded.
  4. The doctor asked her to sit down. He looked extremely tensed.
  5. The receptionist called the manager. She came quickly.
  6. The boy is my cousin. He sits near me.
  7. Many men become journalists. They have not been trained to write.
  8. Do you know the woman? She is wearing a blue sari.
  9. It is a long lane. It has no turning.
  10. The house belongs to my father. I live there.
  1. My friend, who was sick, looked very pale. / My friend, who looked very pale, was sick.
  2. A cop, whom she called to, was nearby. /She called to a cop who was nearby.
  3. She was sitting in the waiting room, which was very crowded.
  4. The doctor, who looked extremely tense, asked her to sit down.
  5. The receptionist called the manager, who came quickly.
  6. The boy who sits near me is my cousin.
  7. Many men who have not been trained to write become journalists.
  8. Do you know the woman who is wearing a blue sari?
  9. It is a long lane that has no turning.
  10. The house that I live in belongs to my father.

Choose the correct option a, b or c.

  1. I have a friend__wife works with the Central Government.
  • that
  • which
  • whose
  1. I am reading a book__converses about Indian mythology set in the Indus Valley civilization.
  • who
  • that
  • whose
  1. I am going to see my friend__family run a casino.
  • who
  • that
  • whose
  1. A friend is someone__knows when you are low.
  • that
  • which
  • whose
  1. Sandringham House is__the Queen and her family celebrate Christmas every year.
  • that
  • where
  • which
  1. An author__was famous during the freedom struggle lived in that cottage.
  • whose
  • which
  • who
  1. They never fail__die in a great cause.
  • who
  • which
  • whose
  1. The umbrella__has a broken handle is mine.
  • who
  • that
  • which
  1. He met a girl__eyes were blue.
  • that
  • which
  • whose
  1. That was the reason__he came late.
  • that
  • why
  • which
  1. I have a friend__wife works with the Central Government.
  • that
  • which
  • whose
  1. I am reading a book__converses about Indian mythology set in the Indus Valley civilization.
  • who
  • that
  • whose
  1. I am going to see my friend__familv runs a casino.
  • who
  • that
  • whose
  1. A friend is someone__knows when you are low.
  • that
  • which
  • whose
  1. Sandringham House is__the Queen and her family celebrate Christmas every year.
  • that
  • where
  • which
  1. An author__was famous during the freedom struggle lived in that cottage.
  • whose
  • which
  • who
  1. They never fail__die in a great cause.
  • who
  • which
  • whose
  1. The umbrella__has a broken handle is mine.
  • who
  • that
  • which
  1. He met a girl__eyes were blue.
  • that
  • which
  • whose
  1. That was the reason__he came late.
  • that
  • why
  • which

Match the sentences.

1. English is a language,_______

A. who is very adventurous

2. My sister is a person,_______

B. why I never go to small shops

3. I had lot of fun last winter,_______

C. which is important for employment

4. __is a confusing question for all.

D. when I went to Germany

5. Unavailability of sufficient products is

_________

E. where to apply for admission

 

1. English is a language,_______

C. which is important for employment

2. My sister is a person,_______

A. who is very adventurous

3. I had lot of fun last winter,_______

D. when I went to Germany

4. __is a confusing question for all.

E. where to apply for admission

5. Unavailability of sufficient products is

_________

B. why I never go to small shops

Underline the relative pronouns used to form the adjective clause in the following sentences.

  1. A family is an important unit that fulfils different functions in modern societies.
  2. He failed in everything that he laid his hands upon.
  3. The death of the poor boy happened because his uncles took away the money on which the boy depended for survival.
  4. The old people who are dependent on their children should be well taken care of.
  5. The people who first lived on earth were hunters and gatherers.
  6. The term, which refers to the new technology, is hard to pronounce.
  7. I need to find the movie that was recommended by the main speaker at the camp.
  8. There are a lot of charities that need donations in this area.
  9. The bride who wanted a lavish wedding was not disappointed.
  10. The lady who gave you the camera is a good friend of mine.
  1. A family is an important unit that fulfils different functions in modern societies.
  2. He failed in everything that he laid his hands upon.
  3. The death of the poor boy happened because his uncles took away the money on which the boy depended for survival.
  4. The old people who are dependent on their children should be well taken care of.
  5. The people who first lived on earth were hunters and gatherers.
  6. The term, which refers to the new technology, is hard to pronounce.
  7. I need to find the movie that was recommended by the main speaker at the camp.
  8. There are a lot of charities which need donations in this area.
  9. The bride who wanted a lavish wedding was not disappointed.
  10. The lady who gave you the camera is a good friend of mine.

Fill in the blanks with 'that, which or who'

  1. The success___Janet enjoyed was in part responsible for her downfall.
  2. It was Donald’s love for his son____saw him seek for his treatment abroad.
  3. The bride___you saw at the church is none other than my sister.
  4. She passed the Chemistry test______had given her sleepless nights.
  5. He starred in the series The Haves and the Haves Not,___made him popular among his fans.
  6. This is not a course___you should recommend to beginners.
  7. The year 2018 saw Camila Cabello release her single Havana,____debuted at number one on the Billboard hot 100.
  8. The drama school___Denel attended has helped him deal with stage fright.
  9. Suresh’s aunt____he was close to left him a lot of money, which made him very wealthy.
  10. It was her bad attitude____earned her a beating.
  1. The success which/that Janet enjoyed was in part responsible for her downfall.
  2. It was Donald's love for his son  which/that saw him seek for his treatment abroad.
  3. The bride who you saw at the church is none other than my sister.
  4. She passed the Chemistry test  which/that had given her sleepless nights.
  5. He starred in the series The Haves and the Haves Not,  which/that made him popular among his fans.
  6. This is not a course  which/that you should recommend to beginners.
  7. The year 2018 saw Camila Cabello release her single Havana,  which/that debuted at number one on the Billboard hot 100.
  8. The drama school  which/that Denel attended has helped him deal with stage fright.
  9. Suresh's aunt  who he was close to left him a lot of money, which made him very wealthy.
  10. It was her bad attitude  which/that earned her a beating.

Use the sentences below to form with one sentence that has an adjective clause.

  1. Derrick has one son. His son is called Jake. He is an engineer. Derrick’s son_____________________________________________
  2. Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. It’s famed for Waikiki beach. Honolulu._____________________________________________
  3. My mother recommended a movie to me. I watched it. I watched._____________________________________________
  4. I have two brothers. One lives in London. The other one lives in Paris. The one in London is coming home this summer. My brother.._____________________________________________
  5. I have many uncles. One is a doctor. He lives in Portugal. My uncle._____________________________________________
  6. My linguistic professor wrote a novel in his late 30’s. It is called Thunderstruck. Many consider it one of his best classic works. In his late 30’s_____________________________________________
  7. We attended many online courses. All of us preferred the same course. It was also the cheapest. All of us._____________________________________________
  8. We heard a frightening sound. The sound would scare even the bravest of people. We heard.____________________________________________
  9. I take two different routes to work. I prefer the one that is very scenic. The route._____________________________________________
  10. The mayor is available. He is the person you should address your letter to. The mayor is the person.._____________________________________________
  1. Derrick's son who is called Jake is an engineer.
  2. Honolulu, which is the capital of Hawaii, is famed for Waikiki beach./ Honolulu, which is famous for Waikiki beach, is the capital of Hawaii.
  3. I watched the movie that my mother recommended.
  4. My brother who lives in London is coming home this summer.
  5. My uncle who is a doctor lives in Portugal./ My uncle who lives in Portugal is a doctor.
  6. In his late 30's, my linguistic professor wrote a novel that is called Thunderstruck which is considered by many as one of his best classic works.
  7. All of us preferred one online course, which was the cheapest
  8. We heard a frightening sound that would scare even the bravest of people
  9. The route that I prefer taking to work is the one that is scenic.
  10. The mayor is the person to whom you should address your letter.

Complete the following sentences with the correct relative pronoun to make an adjective clause.

  1. I talked to the police officer____daughter was killed in the road accident.
  2. Thank you for your life story___was very encouraging.
  3. The boys___stole the fruits are not from this neighborhood.
  4. What did you do with the utensils___your boss bought you?
  5. The rally driver___wife has twins won the race.
  6. The bus__driver is an old man is always on time.
  7. live in an apartment in Nairobi,__is the capital of Kenya.
  8. This is the lady__comes from India.
  9. The sandwich__you want to eat belongs to Denver.
  10. I represented the farmer__house was destroyed by the fire.
  1. I talked to the police officer whose daughter was killed in the road accident.
  2. Thank you for your life story that/which was very encouraging.
  3. The boys who stole the fruits are not from this neighborhood.
  4. What did you do with the utensils which or that your boss bought you?
  5. The rally driver whose wife has twins won the race.
  6. The bus whose driver is an old man is always on time.
  7. I live in an apartment in Nairobi, which or that is the capital of Kenya.
  8. This is the lady who comes from India.
  9. The sandwich which you want to eat belongs to Denver.
  10. I represented the farmer whose house was destroyed by the fire.

What is an Adjective clause?

It is a dependent clause that modifies the noun. But it comes after the noun.

It begins with words like “that, when, where, who, whom, whose, which etc.

E.g.

He is my neighbour who is an engineer.

The house which belonged to Michelle was sold last week.

Who / That: (Relative Pronoun)

Who or That is generally used as a subject pronoun for a person/people.

E.g.

The lady is famous. She is a lawyer.

The lady who is a lawyer is famous.

Which / That (Relative Pronouns)

Which or that is generally used as a subject pronoun for place, thing, bird, animal except a person.

E.g.

The peacock is our national bird. It has colourful feathers.

The peacock, which has colourful feathers, is our national bird.

The peacock that has colourful feathers is our national bird

The peacock has colourful feathers. It is our national bird.

The peacock, which is our national bird, has colourful feathers.

The peacock that is our national bird has colourful feathers.

Whom: (Relative Pronoun)

Whom is generally used as an object pronoun for person, bird, animal.

E.g.

The lady is my family doctor. I met her yesterday.

The lady whom I met yesterday is my family doctor.

This is my favourite dove. I caught it last month.

This is my favourite dove whom I caught last month.


 

After Preposition:

E.g.

She is my teacher. I always ask questions to her.

She is my teacher to whom I always ask questions.

He is my cousin. I have been waiting for him.

He is my cousin for whom I have been waiting.

Whose: (Relative Pronoun)

Whose is generally used as a possessive noun for person, place, thing, bird, animal.

E.g.

Kalidas was a poet. His poems were famous in court

Kalidas was a poet whose poems were famous in court.

My uncle has a dog. His profession is doctor.

My uncle, whose profession is doctor, has a dog.

My uncle has a dog. Its has a lorfs tail

My uncle has a dog whose tail is long.

Where: (refers place)

Where is generally used to refer a place?

E.g.

This is the place. We met here the first time.

This is the place where we met the first time.

Australia is the best tourist destination. People from various countries are migrating there.

Australia, where people from various countries are migrating, is the best tourist destination. 

When : (Refers time)

When is generally used to refer a time.

E.g.

It was on 12th July. I was born on that day.

It was 12th July when I was born.

Diwali is a festival of lights. It is celebrated across the country.

Diwali, which is the festival of lights, is celebrated across the country.

Why: (Refers reason)

Why is generally used to refer a reason.

E.g.

Taste is the reason. People consume more fast food.

Taste is the reason why people consume more fast food.

The digestion process takes place in the body. The reason is unknown.

It is unknown why the digestion process takes place in the body.

Bold the adjective in the given sentences below and underline the noun it describes.

  1. Molly had an amazing trip.
  2. Smith told a boring story.
  3. My friend is excited about his birthday.
  4. It was a rainy day.
  5. There are eleven players in each football team.
  6. Germany had an exquisite victory in FIFA 2014.
  7. All should have a friend, who is kind.
  8. Mary loved her cozy house.
  9. Paulie ate five pancakes for breakfast.
  10. Shweta loves snowy mountains
  1. Molly had an amazing trip.
  2. Smith told a boring story.
  3. My friend is excited about his birthday.
  4. It was a rainy day.
  5. There are eleven players in each football team.
  6. Germany had an exquisite victory in FIFA 2014.
  7. All should have a friend who is kind.
  8. Mary loved her cozy house.
  9. Paulie ate five pancakes for breakfast.

10. Shweta loves snowy mountains

Choose the correct order of the given adjectives for these sentences from the brackets.

  1. We watched an__movie (American, interesting, old).
  2. Jacob cooked for us a__pie (French, large, tasty).
  3. The band had__guitars (five, silver, electronic, new).
  4. What a__Chinese girl (tall,Chinese beautiful).
  5. The bride wore a__gown (white, long Egyptian, silk).
  6. The president sat on a__chair (grey, comfortable, leather, old).
  7. I want to sell my__dining table, would you want to buy it (French, oak, antique)?
  8. I love your__jacket, where did you buy it (woolly, yellow, soft)?
  9. He has a__wife (young, intelligent, beautiful).
  10. My sister owns__apartments in Cape Town (lovely, four, modern).
  1. We watched an interesting old American movie.
  2. Jacob cooked for us a tasty large French pie.
  3. The band had five new silver electric guitars.
  4. What a beautiful tall Chinese girl.
  5. The bride wore a long white Egyptian silk gown.
  6. The president sat on a comfortable old grey leather chair.
  7. I want to sell my antique French oak dining table, would you want to buy it?
  8. I love your soft yellow woolly jacket, where did you buy it?
  9. He has a beautiful intelligent young wife.

10. My sister owns four lovely modern apartments in Cape Town.

Choose the best adjective for the following sentences. Consider the word suitable in the particular context (connotation).

  1. After a lot of hardships, Moe was__to achieve his goals.
  • stubborn
  • determined
  1. Small kids always have a__friend.
  • made-up
  • fictitious
  1. Dragon is a__large snake-like animal that breathes fire.
  • illusionary
  • mythological
  1. Maharana Pratap is a__warrior who put up a fierce fight against Akbar in the battle of Haldighati.
  • legendary
  • fictitious
  1. My friends were__in watching the movie.
  • uninterested
  • disinterested
  1. The armed forces were__in all the challenging conditions.
  • resolute
  • stubborn
  1. He had a__ childhood.
  • troublesome
  • tiresome
  1. The captain was__and ignored the warnings.
  • obstinate
  • resolute
  1. They always used a(n)__name while commenting on controversial topics.
  • imaginary
  • fictitious
  1. The team needed a(n)__leader to guide them in the right direction.
  • experienced
  • passionate
  1. After a lot of hardships, Moe was__to achieve his goals.
  • stubborn
  • determined
  1. Small kids always have a__friend.
  • made-up
  • fictitious
  1. Dragon is a__large snake-like animal that breathes fire.
  • illusionary
  • mythological
  1. Maharana Pratap is a__warrior who put up a fierce fight against Akbar in the battle of Haldighati.
  • legendary
  • fictitious
  1. My friends were__in watching the movie.
  • uninterested
  • disinterested
  1. The armed forces were__in all the challenging conditions.
  • resolute
  • stubborn
  1. He had a__ childhood.
  • troublesome
  • tiresome

8. The captain was__and ignored the warnings.

  • obstinate
  • resolute
  1. They always used a(n)__name while commenting on controversial topics.
  • imaginary
  • fictitious
  1. The team needed a(n)__leader to guide them in the right directions.
  • experienced
  • passionate

Choose the correct adjective for the blank spaces.

  1. Nina has such an innocent – face.
  • Childish
  • Childlike
  • Innocent
  • Child
  1. The lecturer wrote a completely — inscription on the board.
  • Unreadable
  • Illegible
  • legible
  • Unknown
  1. Watching such a movie at your age is such – behaviour.
  • Childish
  • Childly
  • Childlike
  • Child
  1. The librarian gave me a book that is –.
  • Illegible
  • Readable
  • Unreadable
  • Illegibly
  1. The food was too – for my taste buds.
  • Salty
  • Saline
  • Salt like
  • Unsalted
  1. We used — water for our physics experimenst.
  • Salt
  • Salted
  • Saline
  • Salinelly
  1. You should trust my next-door neighbour, she is – person.
  • Truth
  • Truthfully
  • Trust
  • Truthful
  1. We were all in awe when she narrated the – story.
  • Truthful
  • True
  • Truthfully
  • Trustworthy
  1. Sally is the only – -witness to the ongoing murder case who is still alive.
  • Ocular
  • Oculer
  • Eye
  • Eyelike
  1. Jake had to undergo advanced — care after the surgery to save his eyes.
  • Eved
  • Ocular
  • Oculer
  • Eyelike
  1. Nina has such an innocent – face.
  • Childish
  • Childlike
  • Innocent
  • Child
  1. The lecturer wrote a completely -- inscription on the board.
  • Unreadable
  • Illegible
  • legible
  • Unknown
  1. Watching such a movie at your age is such – behaviour.
  • Childish
  • Childly
  • Childlike
  • Child
  1. The librarian gave me a book that is –.
  • Illegible
  • Readable
  • Unreadable
  • Illegibly
  1. The food was too – for my taste buds.
  • Salty
  • Saline
  • Salt like
  • Unsalted
  1. We used -- water for our physics experimenst.
  • Salt
  • Salted
  • Saline
  • Salinelly
  1. You should trust my next-door neighbour, she is – person.
  • Truth
  • Truthfully
  • Trust
  • Truthful
  1. We were all in awe when she narrated the – story.
  • Truthful
  • True
  • Truthfully
  • Trustworthy
  1. Sally is the only - -witness to the ongoing murder case who is still alive.
  • Ocular
  • Oculer
  • Eye
  • Eyelike
  1. Jake had to undergo advanced -- care after the surgery to save his eyes.
  • Eved
  • Ocular
  • Oculer
  • Eyelike

Fill the blank spaces with the adjective in the bracket in its correct form.

  1. Able looked so (happy) — after winning the race
  2. You should run (fast) – if you want to catch the bus.
  3. We did a math test today, and my score was (good) —
  4. I would rather have a burger, it is (good) – than a hotdog.
  5. You should travel by train. It is (comfortable) – than travelling by road.
  6. Do not use plastic items, they are (bad) — than items made of recycled papel.
  7. Teddy has (many) – medals in our tennis team.
  8. China is (populous) — nation in the world.
  9. Look at those boys, they are (untidy) — in the group.
  10. Most people find coding to be (difficult) — compared to other subjects.
  11. This is the (far) – town I have visited from my home.
  1. Able looked so happy after winning the race.
  2. You should run faster if you want to catch the bus.
  3. We did a math test today, and my score was the best.
  4. I would rather have a burger, it is better than a hotdog.
  5. You should travel by train. It is more comfortable than travelling by road.
  6. Do not use plastic items, they are worse than items made of recycled paper.
  7. Teddy has the most medals in our tennis team.
  8. China is the most populous nation in the world.
  9. Look at those boys, they are the untidiest in the group.
  10. Most people find coding to be more difficult compared to other subjects.
  11. This is the farthest town I have visited from my home.

Choose the most appropriate adjective for these sentences.

  1. My mother wore a long purple__ dress for the wedding.
  • round
  • cotton
  • beautiful
  1. You won’t fail to recognize him from the crowd. He is a tall,__ man
  • African
  • handsome
  • short
  1. I bought__ excellent farming products from the new agricultural firm in town
  • American
  • new
  • two
  1. I love eating ripe big__ yellow mangoes like the ones you are selling.
  • round
  • delicious
  • Small
  1. The research institute found__ great new cures for the rare disease.
  • wonderful
  • two
  • large
  1. When she arrived in the city, she was carrying a flimsy brown__ box
  • old
  • round
  • wooden
  1. The boring new __ teacher was not welcomed at the school.
  • short
  • sleepy
  • literature
  1. He took his family on a long.__camping safari.
  • enjoyable
  • new
  • African
  1. Who would not love to get married to a__ rich young man like Richard?
  • American
  • tall
  • handsome
  1. The three intelligent new __students did well in their first test.
  • tall
  • honest
  • Mexican
  1. My mother wore a long purple__ dress for the wedding.
  • round
  • cotton
  • beautiful
  1. You won't fail to recognize him from the crowd. He is a tall,__ man
  • African
  • handsome
  • short
  1. I bought__ excellent farming products from the new agricultural firm in town
  • American
  • new
  • two
  1. I love eating ripe big__ yellow mangoes like the ones you are selling.
  • round
  • delicious
  • Small
  1. The research institute found__ great new cures for the rare disease.
  • wonderful
  • two
  • large
  1. When she arrived in the city, she was carrying a flimsy brown__ box
  • old
  • round
  • wooden
  1. The boring new __ teacher was not welcomed at the school.
  • short
  • sleepy
  • literature
  1. He took his family on a long.__camping safari.
  • enjoyable
  • new
  • African
  1. Who would not love to get married to a__ rich young man like Richard?
  • American
  • tall
  • handsome
  1. The three intelligent new __students did well in their first test.
  • tall
  • honest
  • Mexican

Complete the sentences below with the most suitable adjective, the words in the brackets will help you come up with the right adjective.

  1. I chose to close the (does not make any profit) business.
  2. According to the fire department, the fire that occurred at the premises was (could not be prevented or certain to happen).
  3. The tourists were (did not know of the possible danger) of the angry lion following them.
  4. Jane stayed (without a job) for six months after graduation.
  5. My son’s demands are (not complying with reason) considering he was suspended from college.
  6. The coastline became (cannot be seen or perceived) as the boat went further into the sea.
  7. Look for a coating that is (does not corrode) if you want to preserve the quality of the metal.
  8. The prime minister was given an award because he was (not corrupt) when everyone else in the government was receiving bribes.
  9. She keeps telling us stories that are (ones that are hard to believe) even when we insist we do not want to hear them.
  10. It is like comparing water and milk, those two situations are (cannot be compared).
  1. I chose to close the unprofitable business.
  2. According to the fire department, the fire that occurred at the premises was unavoidable or unpreventable or inevitable.
  3. The tourists were unaware of the angry lion following them.
  4. Jane stayed jobless for six months after graduation.
  5. My son's demands are unreasonable considering he was suspended from college.
  6. The coastline became invisible as the boat went further into the sea.
  7. Look for a coating that is noncorrosive if you want to preserve the quality of the metal.
  8. The prime minister was given an award because he was incorruptible when everyone else in the government was receiving bribes.
  9. She keeps telling us stories that are unbelievable even when we insist we do not want to hear them.
  10. It is like comparing water and milk, those two situations are incomparable.

Spot the adjectives in the below passage.

Blockchain technology is an ingenious invention that is attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto. Although no one knows who Satoshi is, the technology has evolved into something wonderful such that everyone is interested in it. This innovative technology allows digital information to be distributed and not modified or copied. Additionally, it eliminates the need for a trustworthy central party to enable digital relationships. Satoshi Nakamoto invented the technology in 2008, and it was to be used as the transaction ledger of Bitcoin. The use of blockchain on the virtual coin eliminated the double-spending challenge that is commonly found in fiat currency transactions. With Bitcoin, there was no need for a trusted authority for the exchange of the cryptocurrency to occur. Today, blockchain technology is being used in other ways, and the available cryptocurrencies in the market have increased in numbers. The technology is revolutionary, to say the least.

Blockchain technology is an ingenious invention that is attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto. Although no one knows who Satoshi is, the technology has evolved into something wonderful such that everyone is interested in it. This innovative technology allows digital information to be distributed and not modified or copied. Additionally, it eliminates the need for a trustworthy central party to enable digital relationships. Satoshi Nakamoto invented the technology in 2008, and it was to be used as the transaction ledger of Bitcoin. The use of blockchain on the virtual coin eliminated the double-spending challenge that is commonly found in fiat currency transactions. With Bitcoin, there was no need for a trusted authority for the exchange of the cryptocurrency to occur. Today, blockchain technology is being used in other ways, and the available cryptocurrencies in the market have increased in numbers. The technology is revolutionary, to say the least.

What is an adverb?

An adverb is a word that describes or gives more information about a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase and sentences.

E.g.

  • He cheered loudly.
  • She is quite slow.
  • You are very tall.
  • The show ended too quickly.
  • He spoke very softly.
  • Clearly, the class did not understand the instructions.

Types of Adverbs:

  1. Adverbs of Time

An adverb of time tells us at what time or for how long something happens.

It includes: now, later, today, tomorrow, never, often, sometimes, yearly etc.

E.g.

  • You can go to your friend’s house after you finish your homework.
  • l am going to the movies tomorrow.
  1. Adverbs of Manner

It is used to tell how something happens or is done.

It includes: well, hard, beautifully, eagerly, cruelly etc.

E.g.

  • Mattie slowly walked over the rocky beach.
  • She bravely battled her difficulties.
  1. Adverbs of Place

It tells us about the location where the action of the verb is taking place.

It includes: behind, below, elsewhere, here, there etc.

E.g.

  • Mitchelle placed the files above the shelf.
  • We were waiting outside.
  1. Adverbs of Degree

It tells us the intensity or degree in which an action occurs.

It includes: almost, barely, enough, deeply, somewhat etc.

E.g.

  • The tea was extremely hot.
  • The show is quite interesting.
  1. Adverbs of Frequency

It refers to how often an action occurs.

It includes: occasionally, rarely, almost, never etc.

E.g.

  • We take a trip annually.
  • I take my vitamins daily

Formation of Adverbs

Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective.

Example: quiet/quietly

quiet-Adjective                   sweet-Adjective 

quietly- adverb                   sweetly-adverb

Irregular Adverbs

Some adverbs do not use the – ly ending.

Adjective                              Adverb

Good                                        well

Fast                                          fast

Hard                                         hard

Late                                          late

Early                                         early

Daily                                         daily

Straight                                   straight

Wrong                                    wrong

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate adverb.

  1. Jules is__ upset about losing her bag. (terrible)
  2. Our team performed__ last week. (awful)
  3. Paige__ opened her present. (quick)
  4. The boy__ took his test. (calm)
  5. The child spoke__  to his elders. (polite)
  6. The public__waited for the next prize. (eager)
  7. The kids__ shouted after winning the game. (joy)
  8. The man__ walked towards the audience. (clumsy)
  9. He__ apologized for the error he had made. (sincere)
  10. I__ got my friend a birthday gift. (secret)
  1. Jules is terribly upset about losing her bag.
  2. Our team performed awfully. last week.
  3. Paige quickly opened her present.
  4. The boy calmly took his test.
  5. The child spoke politely to his elders.
  6. The public eagerly waited for the next prize.
  7. The kids joyously shouted after winning the game.
  8. The man clumsily walked towards the audience.
  9. He sincerely apologized for the error he had made.
  10. I secretly got my friend a birthday gift.

Complete the sentences with the correct adverbs.

  1. He talks___(loud, louder, loudly).
  2. The doctor handled the patients very___(gentle, gently, gentleness).
  3. He speaks___(well, nice).
  4. The piano is her favourite instrument and she plays it__(great, beautifully, good).
  5. The other team worked __ (slow, slower, slowly) hence was last in the race.
  6. The manager shouted___(angrily, angry, angrier) at the workers.
  7. The teacher encouraged the students to do the test___(confidence, confidently, confident).
  8. The bus driver was driving quite___(recklessly, reckless, bad).
  9. She waited___(patiently, patient, impatient) for her turn during the auditions.
  10. The children dressed___(hurriedly, hurried, hurry) because they were late for school.
  1. He talks loudly.
  2. The doctor handled the patients very gently.
  3. He speaks well.
  4. The piano is her favourite instrument and she plays it beautifully.
  5. The other team worked slowly hence was last in the race.
  6. The manager shouted angrily at the workers.
  7. The teacher encouraged the students to do the test confidently.
  8. The bus driver was driving quite recklessly.
  9. She waited patiently for her turn during the auditions.
  10. The children dressed hurriedly because they were late for school.

Underline the adverbs.

  1. Mary has cousins in France so she speaks French fluently.
  2. While watching a horror movie with her friends Bella screamed loudly when she saw the ghost on screen.
  3. Before joining the school football team Sam enjoyed playing football with his neighbourhood friends.
  4. Theresa missed her job interview because she never reaches anyplace on time.
  5. The dog had buried the ball somewhere in the garden so Peter and Joy could not find it.
  6. He never takes proper care of his things. He is too careless.
  7. I know the place where Alvin lives.
  8. Why is she late?
  9. The weather is delightfully cool.
  10. He often makes mistakes.
  1. Mary has cousins in France so she speaks French fluently.
  2. While watching a horror movie with her friends Bella screamed loudly when she saw the ghost on screen.
  3. Before joining the school football team Sam enjoyed playing football with his neighbourhood friends.
  4. Theresa missed her job interview because she never reaches anyplace on time.
  5. The dog had buried the ball somewhere in the garden so Peter and Joy could not find it.
  6. He never takes proper care of his things. He is too careless.
  7. I know the place where Alvin lives.
  8. Why is she late?
  9. The weather is delightfully cool.
  10. He often makes mistakes.

Identify the adverb and write its type (Adverb of time, Adverb of place).

  1. Jim was involved in a major flight accident since then he is scared of flying.
  2. Katherine is very good at studies so she has got an opportunity to pursue her studies abroad.
  3. Julie went to the market today to buy a new bag as her old bag was stolen by someone.
  4. Pam came to my house after her house caught fire, as she had nowhere else to go.
  5. Melissa enjoys cooking for her family. Eventually, she wants to become a chef.
  6. Agnes loves this place as she has been living here since 1980.
  7. The witness called the police station a few minutes ago.
  8. It’s a dangerous forest. Don’t go too far.
  9. He is absconding since yesterday and the police are searching for him.
  10. Simon’s grandmother was taken to the emergency room last week.
  1. Jim was involved in a major flight accident since then he is scared of flying. (Adverb of time)
  2. Katherine is very good at studies so she has got an opportunity to pursue her studies abroad. (Adverb of place)
  3. Julie went to the market today to buy a new bag as her old bag was stolen by someone. (Adverb of time)
  4. Pam came to my house after her house caught fire, as she had nowhere else to go. (Adverb of place)
  5. Melissa enjoys cooking for her family. Eventually, she wants to become a chef. (Adverb of time)
  6. Agnes loves this place as she has been living here since 1980. (Adverb of place)
  7. The witness called the police station a few minutes (Adverb of time)
  8. It's a dangerous forest. Don't go too (Adverb of place)
  9. He is absconding since yesterday and the police are searching for him. (Adverb of time)
  10. Simon's grandmother was taken to the emergency room last week. (Adverb of time)

Place the adverb in its correct position.

  1. The price of petrol became high last month. (Outrageously)
  2. He will realize his mistake and apologize to you. (Soon)
  3. Madison received a telegraph in the morning. (Early)
  4. Their dog is aggressive. (Often)
  5. The novelist became irritated by the neighbour’s loud music. (Increasingly)
  6. Martin had seen such a disaster in his life. (Never)
  7. Miranda played the guitar at the concert, last night. (Beautifully)
  8. Wendy takes her dog for a walk. (Everyday)
  9. Christy sprained her ankle during the match. (Badly)
  10. Every problem ruffles his temper. (Little)
  1. The price of petrol became outrageously high last month.
  2. He will realize his mistake soon and apologize to you.
  3. Madison received a telegraph early in the morning.
  4. Their dog is often aggressive.
  5. The novelist became increasingly irritated by the neighbour's loud music.
  6. Martin had never seen such a disaster in his life.
  7. Miranda played the guitar beautifully at the concert, last night.
  8. Wendy takes her dog for a walk everyday.
  9. Christy sprained her ankle badly during the match.
  10. Every little problem ruffles his temper.

Fill in the gaps with the adverb that fits best. (graciously, excitedly, joyously, bravery, cheerfully, effortlessly, amicably, recklessly, gently, gleefully)

  1. They cheered__for their team.
  2. The host__served her guests till late.
  3. The acrobat was doing the stunts__ he made them look so simple.
  4. The children ran__towards the ice-cream truck.
  5. The choir sang Christmas carols__awakening the whole church.
  6. The lawyer argued his case__making the whole jury love him.
  7. The prodigal son spent his wealth__until he had nothing left.
  8. He served__at his workstation, he never complained.
  9. Our soldiers fought__despite having a lot of challenges.
  10. He placed the delicate flowers __on the floor to avoid ruining them
  1. They cheered excitedly for their team.
  2. The host graciously served her guests till late.
  3. The acrobat was doing the stunts effortlessly, he made them look so simple.
  4. The children ran gleefully towards the ice-cream truck.
  5. The choir sang Christmas carols joyously awakening the whole church.
  6. The lawyer argued his case amicably making the whole jury love him.
  7. The prodigal son spent his wealth recklessly until he had nothing left.
  8. He served cheerfully at his workstation, he never complained.
  9. Our soldiers fought bravely despite having a lot of challenges.
  10. He placed the delicate flowers gently on the floor to avoid ruining them.

Supply suitable adverbs in the following sentences. The type is indicated in the brackets.

  1. Are you__prepared for the exams? (manner)
  2. Catherine visited her parents__last year. (frequency)
  3. Now, this is a great mistake, because there__is not enough money to make everyone rich. (manner)
  4. I had no idea that he was ill as I have not received an news from him__ (time)
  5. The speech had to be listened to; it gave a message to the country that it needed__. (manner)
  6. I shall see you__, and then we will talk about the service rendered by you. (time)
  7. Remember__that you are one among others and you can hardly mistake your place in society. (frequency)
  8. The public libraries that are__in the town are not well equipped. (place)
  9. A__caution would have prevented the disaster. (quantity)
  10. She bought a painting and set it against the shelf__the bread counter. (place)
  1. Are you well prepared for the exams? (manner)
  2. Catherine visited her parents twice last year. (frequency)
  3. Now, this is a great mistake, because there simply is not enough money to make everyone rich. (manner)
  4. I had no idea that he was ill as I have not received any news from him lately. (time)
  5. The speech had to be listened to; it gave a message to the country that it needed greatly. (manner)
  6. I shall see you tomorrow, and then we will talk about the service rendered by you. (time)
  7. Remember always that you are one among others and you can hardly mistake your place in society. (frequency)
  8. The public libraries that are here in the town are not well equipped. (place)
  9. A little caution would have prevented the disaster. (quantity)
  10. She bought a painting and set it against the shelf behind the bread counter. (place)

Rewrite the sentences by adding an adverb that answers the questions in the brackets.

  1. It is raining now. I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I want to have a party. (Where?)
  2. To stay fit and healthy Jason runs three miles. (How often?)
  3. The plants in our classroom are growing properly. Peter waters the plants. (How often?)
  4. Pamela liked her breakfast of pancakes. So, she cleaned the dishes. (How?)
  5. She won the school races. She ran hundred-meter sprint. (In what way?)
  6. She waited for the baby to fall asleep before cooking the dinner. (In what manner?)
  7. Today is Christmas and each of us will open a gift. (When?)
  8. It is important to visit your grandparents and cousins. (How often?)
  9. Tim and Jake are very good friends. They go to school together. (How often?)
  10. The sky was overcast, and it looked as if it was going to rain heavily. Molly looked at the sky. (Where she looked?)
  1. It is raining now. I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow, I want to have a party outside.
  2. To stay fit and healthy Jason runs three miles daily.
  3. The plants in our classroom are growing properly. Peter waters the plants every day.
  4. Pamela liked her breakfast of pancakes. So, she cleaned the dishes happily.
  5. She won the school races. She swiftly ran hundred-meter sprint.
  6. She patiently waited for the baby to fall asleep before cooking the dinner.
  7. Today is Christmas and each of us will open a gift at midnight.
  8. It is important to often visit your grandparents and cousins.
  9. Tim and Jake are very good friends. They go to school together daily.
  10. The sky was overcast, and it looked as if it was going to rain heavily. Molly looked upwards at the sky.

What is an Adverb Clause?

Adverb clauses are clauses that function as adverbs. It is a dependent clause and thus has a subordinating conjunction to connect it to the other clause.

Adverb clause of Reason

(Result + connector + Reason)

E.g.

He is absent today because he is sick.

She always ranks first in class as she is clever.

Since I want to improve my English, I read English novels

Seeing that the government is not taking any decisions, terrorists are becoming more confident.

They are exploited on the grounds that they are poor.

Adverb clause of Result

(introduced by the subordinating conjunction that. So or such precedes in the main clause. So……that, such…that)

E.g.

The monsoon is so good that farmers are hanny

Children are becoming such rebellious that parents are worried.

Adverb clause of Purpose

E.g.

The government should improve public transportation in order that more people to use it.

I called you yesterday so that I could inform you about the meeting.

Adverb clause of Time

E.g.

As soon as the teacher entered the class, students kept silent.

No sooner did the teacher enter the class than students kept silent.

Hardly had the teacher enter the class when students kept silent.

The movie had started before we reached the theatre.

We reached the theatre after the movie had started.

I saw her while she was roaming in the shopping mall.

Anand has been playing chess since he was just 6.

Adverb clause of concession

E.g.

Though he is poor, he is honest.

Although she is dull, she passes all exams.

Even if he passes the test, his father will scold him.

My grandfather walks 10 kilometres every day, although he is 90.

However rich he may be, he should not forget his manners.

Hardworking as he is, he is not promoted.

Adverb Clause of Condition

Conditional 1: If/Unless + Simple present, subject + modal + verb.

E.g.

If you study sincerely, you will score well.

Unless you study sincerely, you will not score well. 

Conditional 2 : Had+Subject+simple past + subject/object + modal +verb

E.g.

Had the doctor arrived in time, he would have saved the patient.

Had the doctor arrived in time, the patient would have been saved.

Adverb clause of manner

E.g.

He behaves as if he were the principal of my college.

Roxane spends money as if she won the lottery.

Choose the most suitable adverbial clauses for these sentences.

  1. The robbers demanded our phones___any money we had on us.
  • as well as
  • except for
  • Moreover
  1. My father was so angry that.___my mother talked to him, he did not calm down.
  • Despite
  • still
  • even if
  1. The nutritionist advised that we should always eat healthy foods__our age.2
  • besides
  • although
  • no matter
  1. Catherine and John do not see eye to eye__they are siblings.
  • although
  • otherwise
  • despite
  1. Elephants,__they are large, are not predators.
  • even if
  • although
  • besides
  1. Frank ran the race__his life depended on it.
  • as though
  • despite
  • no matter
  1. You need to remain calm__everyone else panics.
  • despite
  • even if
  • Otherwise
  1. The dogs started chasing my car__they saw it turn the corner.
  • once
  • besides
  • still
  1. We should go__you are ready.
  • just as
  • though
  • as soon as
  1. Tommy scrubbed the bathroom tile__his arms ached
  • once
  • until
  • as soon as
  1. The robbers demanded our phones___any money we had on us.
  • as well as
  • except for
  • Moreover
  1. My father was so angry that.___my mother talked to him, he did not calm down.
  • Despite
  • still
  • even if
  1. The nutritionist advised that we should always eat healthy foods__our age.2
  • besides
  • although
  • no matter
  1. Catherine and John do not see eye to eye__they are siblings.
  • although
  • otherwise
  • despite
  1. Elephants,__they are large, are not predators.
  • even if
  • although
  • besides
  1. Frank ran the race__his life depended on it.
  • as though
  • despite
  • no matter
  1. You need to remain calm__everyone else panics.
  • despite
  • even if
  • Otherwise
  1. The dogs started chasing my car__they saw it turn the corner.
  • once
  • besides
  • still
  1. We should go__you are ready.
  • just as
  • though
  • as soon as
  1. Tommy scrubbed the bathroom tile__his arms ached
  • once
  • until
  • as soon as

Combine the following sentences by using words given in the bracket.

  1. She is never promoted. She always works sincerely. (Although)
  2. You score 6 bands in IELTS. You will get a student visa for Canada. (If)
  3. Children kept silence. The teacher entered the class. (As soon as)
  4. She performed well in the interview. She was not selected. (However)
  5. It is raining cats and dogs. Farmers are happy. (Since)
  6. The government does not take any action against terrorism. Terrorists will target common men. (Unless)
  7. I woke up in the morning. The sun had risen. (Before)
  8. I went to his home. He was watching television. (when)
  9. Marc left for home. He had locked the office. (After)
  10. The places are littering. People are throwing garbage anywhere. (Seeing that)
  1. Although she always works sincerely she is never promoted.
  2. If you score 6 bands in IELTS, you will get a student visa for Canada.
  3. As soon as the teacher entered the class, children kept silence.
  4. She performed well in the interview however she was not selected.
  5. Since it is raining cats and dogs, farmers are happy.
  6. Unless the government takes any action against terrorism, terrorists will target common men.
  7. I woke up in the morning before the sun had risen.
  8. He was watching television when I went to his home.
  9. Marc left for home after he had locked the office.
  10. The places are littering seeing that people are throwing garbage anywhere.

Choose the correct option a, b, c or d to complete each sentence.

  1. You can sit anywhere you wish__many chairs are available.
  • by the time
  • since
  • wherever
  • so that

2.___crossing the street, my dog ran to me.

  • As
  • I was
  • As I
  • As I was
  1. I will practice more___I can become an expert ballet dancer.
  • so that
  • in order to
  • although
  1. I will be in my office___5 p.m. You can come any time.
  • so that
  • although
  • till
  • while
  1. I think animals can sense a calamity because they are known to behave strangely__it occurs.
  • since
  • after
  • before
  • although

6.__had the thief seen the policeman__he started to run.

  • not until than
  • hardly/ when
  • either/ or
  • But/ and

7.___to his father’s beliefs, Derrick believes that disability is not inability.

  • although
  • in spite of
  • contrary to
  • compared to
  1. I am sure that Hakim can do better in math__I am satisfied with his score for now.
  • because
  • therefore
  • but
  • inspite of
  1. __Ann heard that her brother’s murderer was dead was she able to mourn his death.
  • no matter
  • not until
  • although
  • before
  1. Emma’s intelligence is not very important__to her creativity.
  • in contrast
  • in comparison
  • in particular
  • despite
  1. You can sit anywhere you wish__many chairs are available.
  • by the time
  • since
  • wherever
  • so that

2.___crossing the street, my dog ran to me.

  • As
  • I was
  • As I
  • As I was
  1. I will practice more___I can become an expert ballet dancer.
  • so that
  • in order to
  • although
  • while
  1. I will be in my office___5 p.m. You can come any time.
  • so that
  • although
  • till
  • while
  1. I think animals can sense a calamity because they are known to behave strangely__it occurs.
  • since
  • after
  • before
  • although

6.__had the thief seen the policeman__he started to run.

  • not until than
  • hardly/ when
  • either/ or
  • But/ and

7.___to his father's beliefs, Derrick believes that disability is not inability.

  • although
  • in spite of
  • contrary to
  • compared to
  1. I am sure that Hakim can do better in math__I am satisfied with his score for now.
  • because
  • therefore
  • but
  • inspite of
  1. __Ann heard that her brother's murderer was dead was she able to mourn his death.
  • no matter
  • not until
  • although
  • before
  1. Emma's intelligence is not very important__to her creativity.
  • in contrast
  • in comparison
  • in particular
  • despite

Choose appropriate adverbial clause to complete the sentences.

  1. __ her mother’s sentiments, the head of department agreed that James needed to take his studies seriously. (For instance, similar to, owing to, for example)
  2. Climbing such a high mountain is dangerous.__I still want to climb it. (Although, therefore, in case, all the same)
  3. __the accident did Monic see the need to stop drinking. (Only after, hardly, not after, never)
  4. We talked every day on the phone __ we were in love. (Otherwise, as if. so that, all the same)
  5. The driver hit a tree,__ injuring himself and the passengers. (Furthermore, so, meanwhile, thereby)
  6. __my daughter, do not give her cheese since she is allergic to dairy products. (That is, as for, regardless, in spite of)
  7. Michael would not talk to his sister __she was the one who informed the police about his criminal activities. (For fear that, in that, so that, on the grounds that)
  8. On the eastern side of the town,__three famous malls where you can go shopping. (Lay, lie, has lain, lain)
  9.  __dangerous was the video game__it was banned from being played by children. (As/as, such/ that, either/ or, so/ that.
  10. I would have informed Matt about the party__I seen him in class today. (If. had, whether, since)
  1. Similar to her mother's sentiments, the head of department agreed that James needed to take his studies seriously.
  2. Climbing such a high mountain is dangerous. All the same I still want to climb it.
  3. Only after the accident did Monic see the need to stop drinking.
  4. We talked every day on the phone as if we were in love.
  5. The driver hit a tree, thereby injuring himself and the passengers.
  6. As for my daughter, do not give her cheese since she is allergic to dairy products.
  7. Michael would not talk to his sister on the grounds that she was the one who informed the police about his criminal activities.
  8. On the eastern side of the town, lie three famous malls where you can go shopping.
  9. So dangerous was the video game that it was banned from being played by children.
  10. I would have informed Matt about the party had I seen him in class today.

Choose the correct option a, b, c or d.

  1. Jaipur is called Pink city__of the color scheme of its buildings.
  • although
  • because
  • until
  • only if
  1. My friend can’t attend the seminar__she finds a babysitter.
  • if
  • even if
  • only if
  • unless
  1. Helmets were introduced__road fatalities would be reduced.
  • as if
  • so that
  • then
  • only if
  1. Matt goes for soccer practice__his illness.
  • even if
  • though
  • in spite of
  • whereas
  1. My teacher looked at me__something was wrong.
  • even if
  • only if
  • so that
  • as if

6.__ I looked, I found dirt.

  • whereas
  • until
  • wherever
  • because

7.__looking for her pendant, she found a lost chain.

  • until
  • while
  • as though
  • since

8.__she is a good student, she has broken rules every now and then.

  • as soon as
  • although
  • until
  • not only
  1. The audience cheered__the game progressed.
  • unless
  • like
  • in case
  • as

10.__the fire began to spread, the villagers ran to get water.

  • as soon as
  • as if
  • such as 
  • So that
  1. Jaipur is called Pink city__of the color scheme of its buildings.
  • although
  • because
  • until
  • only if
  1. My friend can't attend the seminar__she finds a babysitter.
  • if
  • even if
  • only if
  • unless
  1. Helmets were introduced__road fatalities would be reduced.
  • as if
  • so that
  • then
  • only if
  1. Matt goes for soccer practice__his illness.
  • even if
  • though
  • in spite of
  • whereas
  1. My teacher looked at me__something was wrong.
  • even if
  • only if
  • so that
  • as if

6.__ I looked, I found dirt.

  • whereas
  • until
  • wherever
  • because

7.__looking for her pendant, she found a lost chain.

  • until
  • while
  • as though
  • since

8.__she is a good student, she has broken rules every now and then.

  • as soon as
  • although
  • until
  • not only
  1. The audience cheered__the game progressed.
  • unless
  • like
  • in case
  • as

10.__the fire began to spread, the villagers ran to get water.

  • as soon as
  • as if
  • such as 
  • So that

Match the sentences.

1___, she passed it on to her friend.

a. because children are studying

2. Parents are tensed___

b. until it was dark

3.__, there is a difference in grades.

c. as children are falling ill

4. You should visit the famous places___

d. as soon as she had read the book

5. Kids played in the river___

e. before you leave the village

 

1___, she passed it on to her friend.

d. as soon as she had read the book

2. Parents are tensed___

c. as children are falling ill

3.__, there is a difference in grades.

a. because children are studying

4. You should visit the famous places___

e. before you leave the village

5. Kids played in the river___

b. until it was dark

Fill in the blank spaces with the right adverb clauses from the bracket. (commonly, nonetheless, once, however, otherwise, additionally, a whole lot, such as, thus, in fact, so).

The Indian cuisine with all its spices and exotic ingredients might seem intimidating, but it is not.__, it is exciting to think of all the tongue tinglingtastes and flavors to enjoy. The cuisine uses__flavors such as sweet, hot, spicy and sour all at the same time. The most important thing that connects all the varied Indian dishes is the knowledge of how to use the spices.__, Indians use almost 30 spices in their dishes, and there is more than one way of using them.__, to create quality Indian cuisine, you need to have fine culinary skills.__, if you are not too sure about your skills, you can start with simple Indian curries __, the chicken curry and serve it with beans, peas stew__, known as dal, or white bread made of wheat__, referred to as roti.__ if you are a vegetarian, you will love Indian cuisine as it combines many sauces, vegetables, and spices. Such dishes as the palak paneer are__tasty that even the non-vegetarians will be easily converted__, they have a bite.

The Indian cuisine with all its spices and exotic ingredients might seem intimidating. but it is not. In fact, it is exciting to think of all the tongue tingling tastes and flavors to enjoy. The cuisine uses a whole lot of flavors such as sweet, hot, spicy and sour all at the same time. The most important thing that connects all the varied Indian dishes is the knowledge of how to use the spices. Nonetheless, Indians use almost 30 spices in their dishes, and there is more than one way of using them. Thus, to create quality Indian cuisine. you need to have fine culinary skills. However, if you are not too sure about your skills, you can start with simple Indian curries such as the chicken curry and serve it with beans, peas stew otherwise known as dal, or white bread made of wheat commonly referred to as roti. Additionally, if you are a vegetarian, you will love the Indian cuisine as it combines many sauces, vegetables, and spices. Such dishes as the palak paneer are so tasty that even the non-vegetarians will be easily converted once they have a bite.

Indicate if the adverbial clauses used in each of these sentences is correct or wrong. If it is wrong, suggest a more suitable clause to suit the sentence.

  1. Kibet runs a couple of hours daily, and still, he has won many marathons.
  2. My boss has cancelled his travel plans seeing that the upcoming visit by the governor to our company.
  3. The government raised the taxes as many citizens complained that the cost of living was already too high
  4. The alarm had scarily sounded when the security team arrived.
  5. Rehabilitation of drug users can only work provided the abuser is willing to accept help.
  6. He had no symptoms before his asthma attack, and he did not show any warning signs somehow.
  7. Not until he arrived at the shopping mall did he remember that he had left his money at home.
  8. Most of the private universities offer online classes whereas the more traditional classes are offered by the public universities.
  9. No sooner had Hamisa learnt that she was free of cancer than she went to celebrate with her friends.
  10. Living abroad is advantageous in that there are many job opportunities.
  1. Wrong - thus
  2. Wrong - because of
  3. Wrong - although
  4. Correct
  5. Correct
  6. Wrong - whatsoever
  7. Correct
  8. Correct
  9. Correct
  10. Correct

What is a sentence?

A sentence is a set of words that gives a complete meaning, thought or idea.

A sentence contains a subject and a verb.

E.g.

The cat plays with the string ball.

The cat -Subject 

 Plays- verb 

 With- conjunction

 The string ball-  object

The first letter of the word, with which the sentence begins will always be capitalised.

Types of Sentences

  1. Simple Sentence
  2. Compound Sentence
  3. Complex Sentence
  4. Complex compound Sentence

 

  1. Simple Sentence

It contains one independent clause.

E.g.

  • love watching television series.
  • My mother brought ice cream for all of us.
  • Who is your best friend?
  1. Compound Sentence

It contains two or more clauses. These are joined together with conjunctions or punctuation or both.

E.g.

  • I want to have pizza, but my friend wants to have pasta.
  • My friend was busy, so I went to the exhibition alone.
  1. Complex Sentence

It consists of an independent clause and one or Inore dependent clauses joined together by subordinating conjunctions.

E.g.

  • Before she leaves. She needs to meet the principal.
  • Late a sandwich because I was hungry.
  1. Complex Compound Sentence

It is comprised of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. The clauses are connected by both coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions.

E.g.

  • Though May loves watching horror movies, she went out to watch romantic-comedy and she loved it.
  • I would have purchased the house that we like, but it was way out of our budget.

Sentences have different purposes:

A declarative sentence: It makes a statement and ends with a full stop or period.

E.g.

  • I like sleeping.
  • New Delhi is the capital of India.

An Interrogative sentence: It asks a direct question and always ends in a question mark.

E.g.

Has anyone seen my phone?

  • Who is up for a challenge?

An exclamatory sentence: It is a statement that expresses some strong feeling or emotion.

E.g.

  • What a beautiful girl she is!
  • Hurray! We won the match.

An imperative sentence: It gives a command and ends with a period, but can occasionally end with an exclamation point.

E.g.

  • Please be quiet in the library.
  • Let me help you.

Rewrite the words to form a sentence. Use full stop and capitalization correctly.

  1. Lives on Green Avenue Mark.
  2. I Spanish language the like.
  3. I Good maths at am.
  4. Was given refund a the Customer.
  5. Bills be should on time paid.
  6. Coming from is friend Germany my.
  7. Friends Paul are best Susan and
  8. Dishes cleaned the Michael.
  9. To my homework do have I.
  10. At classes academy my attend I IELTS
  1. Mark lives on Green Avenue.
  2. I like the Spanish language.
  3. I am good at Maths.
  4. The customer was given a refund.
  5. Bills should be paid on time.
  6. My friend is coming from Germany.
  7. Susan and Paul are best friends.
  8. Michael cleaned the dishes.
  9. I have to do my homework.
  10. I attend IELTS classes at my academy

Join the sentences using conjunctions to make compound sentences.

  1. Please help me find a job. A good one.
  2. Mary did well on the test. Her teacher gave her a prize.
  3. I will be late for work. I am stuck in traffic.
  4. I love vanilla. I do not eat vanilla ice cream.
  5. I like horror. I like thrillers.
  6. Matt has not read any of the Harry Potter Books. He has read Lord of the rings.
  7. Abhi went for a hike. He didn’t take any pictures.
  8. I go to exhibitions. I love seeing creative works.
  9. She is rigid. She is understanding.
  10. It was the week before the holiday. The mall was crowded.
  1. Please help me find a job, but a good one.
  2. Mary did well on the test and her teacher gave her a prize.
  3. I will be late for work as I am stuck in traffic.
  4. love vanilla yet I do not eat vanilla ice cream.
  5. I like both horror and thrillers.
  6. Matt has not read any of the Harry Potter Books but he has read Lord of the rings.
  7. Abhi went for a hike but he didn't take any pictures.
  8. I go to exhibitions because I love seeing creative works.
  9. She is rigid yet understanding.
  10. It was the week before the holiday so the mall was crowded.

Identify if the type of sentence given to each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is incorrect, indicate the right type.

Sentence

Type

1. Tom stayed home from school on Monday.

Compound

2. My mum was called to the doctor’s office because she was sick.

Compound

3. Go wash your hands.

Simple

4. Although he disappointed us and we were angry, we decided to give him a second chance.

Complex

5. James made progress, and we are going to reward him

Complex

6. If you want to be the best you’ll have to put more effort in your studies.

Complex

7. Please don’t go.

Complex

8. I wanted to stay at home, but my father said I should go to the hospital because | was very sick.

Compound-complex

9. When I grow up, I want to be an engineer.

Compound

10. I want a new dress, but I do not have enough money.

Compound

  1. wrong - simple
  2. wrong - complex
  3. correct
  4. wrong - compound-complex
  5. wrong -compound
  6. correct
  7. wrong - simple
  8. correct
  9. wrong - complex
  10. correct

Identify the type of sentences below.

  1. After I get my master’s degree, I want to do job, but first I will go and visit New York City.
  2. You should buy yourself a new shirt or a watch.
  3. If you want to go to Canada in the fall session, you will have to book your IELTS test date now.
  4. I was the best in the competition, and I was awarded a medal.
  5. I want to get a promotion at my workplace because I need a raise, but I do not get along with my boss.
  6. Since we got Mrs Daisy as our house manager, my twins and I are completely at peace.
  7. I take history and religious studies.
  8. Greg and Bree are both taking online ESL classes.
  9. Fred wants to compete in the marathon, so he runs every day.
  10. We tried hard to win the game, but our opponents were too strong for us.
  1. Compound-complex
  2. Compound
  3. Complex
  4. Compound
  5. Compound-complex
  6. Complex
  7. Compound
  8. Simple
  9. Compound
  10. Compound

Select the grammatically accurate sentence.

  1.  
  • love reading Harry Potter books, watching movies.
  • I love reading Harry Potter books and watching movies.
  • I love reading Harry Potter books but watching movies.

2.

  • After | visit Bamberg. I will next Frankfurt.
  • After | visit Bamberg, then Frankfurt.
  • After I have visited Bamberg. I will visit Frankfurt.
  1.  
  • School is the place where morals and values are taught.
  • School is the place who teaches morals and values.
  • School is the place whom teaches morals and values.
  1.  
  • While she taught there, the enrolment increased.
  • During she taught there, the enrolment increased.
  • Through she taught there, the enrolment increased.
  1.  
  • One of my friend visited Canada he like it.
  • One of my friend visited Canada, and he liked it.
  • One of my friends visited Canada, and he liked it.
  1.  
  • I know the man which lives here.
  • I know the man who lives here.
  • I know the man he lives here.
  1.  
  • They live there the climate is good.
  • They live as the climate is good.
  • They live where the climate is good.
  1.  
  • Before I die I want to see Venice.
  • As I die I want to see Venice.
  • Where I die I want to see Venice.

9.

  • You will always regret the day how you did this.
  • You will always regret the day then you did this.
  • You will always regret the day when you did this.
  1.  
  • Have you seen the horse that he has bought?
  • Had you the horse which he has bought?
  • Has you seen the horse that he has bought?
  1.  
  • love reading Harry Potter books, watching movies.
  • I love reading Harry Potter books and watching movies.
  • I love reading Harry Potter books but watching movies.

2.

  • After | visit Bamberg. I will next Frankfurt.
  • After | visit Bamberg, then Frankfurt.
  • After I have visited Bamberg. I will visit Frankfurt.
  1.  
  • School is the place where morals and values are taught.
  • School is the place who teaches morals and values.
  • School is the place whom teaches morals and values.
  1.  
  • While she taught there, the enrolment increased.
  • During she taught there, the enrolment increased.
  • Through she taught there, the enrolment increased.
  1.  
  • One of my friend visited Canada he like it.
  • One of my friend visited Canada, and he liked it.
  • One of my friends visited Canada, and he liked it.
  1.  
  • I know the man which lives here.
  • I know the man who lives here.
  • I know the man he lives here.
  1.  
  • They live there the climate is good.
  • They live as the climate is good.
  • They live where the climate is good.
  1.  
  • Before I die I want to see Venice.
  • As I die I want to see Venice.
  • Where I die I want to see Venice.

9.

  • You will always regret the day how you did this.
  • You will always regret the day then you did this.
  • You will always regret the day when you did this.
  1.  
  • Have you seen the horse that he has bought?
  • Had you the horse which he has bought?
  • Has you seen the horse that he has bought?

Choose the most suitable coniunctions to complete these compound and complex sentences.

  1. We were left behind__ we needed to complete the assignment.
  • therefore
  • because
  • and
  1. The Good Doctor is my favorite series, __I also love Vampire Diaries.
  • but
  • and
  • since
  1. __the soccer game, we joined our friends and had a drink.
  • since
  • hence
  • after
  1. My father believed in the system, and he was sure the convicts would be caught __ the investigations.
  • before
  • during
  • after
  1. The handsome computer studies teacher arrived at the school__Tuesday.
  • at
  • on
  • since
  1. Adam was painting the walls__James did his homework.
  • when
  • while
  • which
  1. Humphrey did all the work.__ his brother won the medal.
  • and
  • yet
  • since
  1. The scientists studied the area for hours__ concluded that it was contaminated.
  • hence
  • therefore
  • and

9.__she did well in her essay; she still needed to pass the grammar test.

  • since
  • though
  • however
  1. __ his work was well organized, it was easy to read.
  • since
  • though
  • therefore
  1. We were left behind__ we needed to complete the assignment.
  • therefore
  • because
  • and
  1. The Good Doctor is my favorite series, __I also love Vampire Diaries.
  • but
  • and
  • since
  1. __the soccer game, we joined our friends and had a drink.
  • since
  • hence
  • after
  1. My father believed in the system, and he was sure the convicts would be caught __ the investigations.
  • before
  • during
  • after
  1. The handsome computer studies teacher arrived at the school__Tuesday.
  • at
  • on
  • since
  1. Adam was painting the walls__James did his homework.
  • when
  • while
  • which
  1. Humphrey did all the work.__ his brother won the medal.
  • and
  • yet
  • since
  1. The scientists studied the area for hours__ concluded that it was contaminated.
  • hence
  • therefore
  • and

9.__she did well in her essay; she still needed to pass the grammar test.

  • since
  • though
  • however
  1. __ his work was well organized, it was easy to read.
  • since
  • though
  • therefore

Identify the adverbial or subordinate clause and the main clause in these complex sentences.

  1. Her sister died when I was very young.
  2. John has a hard time concentrating in class because his best friend died last month.
  3. Although he is the best in the javelin, he will not compete this year.
  4. After listening to Tupac CD, I have great respect for his music.
  5. The wicked witch cast a spell on the king; thus, the whole kingdom rebelled.
  6. You should pray before you go to bed.
  7. Because she was hard working, she got the job.
  8. When we reach California, we will take some photos.
  9. During the drought, many cattle died.
  10. David started school when he was seven years old.
  1. Her sister died when I was very young.

Her sister died - main clause

When I was very young - adverbial clause

 

  1. John has a hard time concentrating in class because his best friend died last month.

John has a hard time concentrating in class - main clause

Because his best friend died last month - adverbial clause

 

  1. Although he is the best in the javelin, he will not compete this year.

He will not compete this year - main clause

Although he is the best in the javelin- subordinate clause

 

  1. After listening to Tupac CD, I have great respect for his music.

I have great respect for his music - main clause

After listening to Tupac's CD - subordinate clause

 

  1. The wicked witch cast a spell on the king, thus the whole kingdom rebelled.

The wicked witch cast a spell on the King - main clause

Thus, the whole kingdom rebelled - adverbial clause

 

  1. You should pray before you go to bed.

You should pray - main clause

Before you go to bed - adverbial clause

 

  1. Because she was hard working, she got the job.

She got the job - main clause

Because she was hard working - adverbial clause

 

  1. When we reach California, we will take some photos.

We will take some photos - main clause

When we reach California - adverbial clause

 

  1. During the drought, many cattle died.

Many cattle died - main clause

During the drought- adverbial clause

 

  1. David started school when he was seven years old.

David started school - main clause

When he was seven years old - adverbial clause

Identify the dependent clauses in each of the below compound sentences.

  1. He never submitted his essay because the dog ate it.
  2. After I shower, I practice my violin.
  3. When my dad retires from the civil service, we are going to live in the countryside.
  4. My niece who is a famous actress is coming to visit us tomorrow.
  5. Since I got a car, I am never late for work.
  6. Because he was too rude to me, I did not bother to invite him to the party.
  7. Whenever I see my niece, she always seems prettier.
  8. Even though David is very charming, he is not my type.
  9. John is the good son whereas Herod is the bad one.
  10. I did not recognize him since I had not seen him for seven years.
  1. He never submitted his essay because the dog ate it.
  2. After I shower, I practice my violin.
  3. When my dad retires from the civil service, we are going to live in the countryside.
  4. My niece who is a famous actress is coming to visit us tomorrow.
  5. Since I got a car, I am never late for work.
  6. Because he was too rude to me, I did not bother to invite him to the party.
  7. Whenever I see my niece, she always seems prettier.
  8. Even though David is very charming, he is not my type.
  9. John is the good son whereas Herod is the bad one.
  10. I did not recognize him since I had not seen him for seven years.

What is Subject Verb Agreement?

It is a grammatical rule, which refers to the link between a verb and its subject and that subject and verb must agree in a sentence.

Conditions for Subject Verb Agreement.

  1. A verb must agree with its subject in the count. In other words, singular subjects take the root form of the verb + ‘s’.

E.g.

  • The cake tastes good.
  • The boy walks to the school every day

To make a verb singular, add an “s” ending to the verb.

Person          Singular                Plural

First               I sleep                 We sleep.

Second        You sleep             You sleep.

Third           She/He/It sleeps.   They sleep.              

                  The cat sleeps.          Cats sleep.

  1. Some subjects seem plural but always take the singular verb.

It includes:

Neither    nobody    one    somebody    no one    everyone

Each     either     someone    anyone   everybody    anybody

E.g.

  • No one in the match was hurt.
  • Neither of the girls is working.
  1. Words that come between a subject and a verb do not affect the count of the subject.

E.g.

  • One of my friends is in Italy.
  • Here the subject “one” is singular hence, “is” used as a singular verb
  1. Collective nouns may take the singular or plural form, depending on the usage in the sentence

A few examples are:

Choir    Panel    board   staff

Bunch  group    flock     pack

E.g.

  • The staff meeting is conducted in the conference room.
  • The staff were asked to provide their individual resumes.
  1. Certain words may be singular or plural, depending upon their usage in a sentence.

It includes Some, any, all, most etc.

E.g.

  • Most of the rice was eaten by them.
  • All of the men were late for work.
  1. Subjects joined by “and” are plural. If the subjects are joined by “or” “nor” then it takes a verb that agrees with the last subject.

E.g.

  • Mia and Ella are leaving for their state competition.
  • Neither Mia nor her friend is interested in basketball.
  • Neither Mia nor her friends are leaving town for Christmas.
  1. Some nouns seem plural but are really singular in meaning.

Some examples are

Maths.news.mumps.thesis

E.g.

  • Physics is not an easy subject for me.
  • The aesthetics of the room is pleasing.
  1. The words “there” and “here” can never be used as subjects. Sentences beginning with there and here will have a subject that can be found later in the sentence.

E.g.

  • There were five people waiting in the room.
  • Here is the pen you were looking for.
  1. For the expressions of measurement, time and money, the verb is singular as it is considered as one unit.

E.g.

  • A vacation of two weeks is not enough for me.
  • 4 miles is too far for me to walk.

Identify the wrongly used verbs in these sentences and correct them.

  1. John be my enemy.
  2. During the festive season, the malls is always full.
  3. My uncle make the best pancakes.
  4. My roommate always do her shopping on Saturdays.
  5. All of her questions is vague.
  6. Some of the house responsibilities is mine.
  7. None of the old coins are worth anything.
  8. Some of the teacher’s questions seems too difficult.
  9. All of the people in the crowd is in danger of being attacked by the terrorists.
  10. My aunt along with my five cousins are on the way to our home.
  1. John is my enemy.
  2. During the festive season, the malls are always full.
  3. My uncle makes the best pancakes.
  4. My roommate always does her shopping on Saturdays.
  5. All of her questions are vague.
  6. Some of the house responsibilities are mine.
  7. None of the old coins is worth anything.
  8. Some of the teacher's questions seem too difficult.
  9. All of the people in the crowd are in danger of being attacked by the terrorists.
  10. My aunt along with my five cousins is on the way to our home.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of verbs.

 

  1. One of my friends__travelling to Italy. (is/are)
  2. He and I__good friends since 4 years. (is/are)
  3. Neither Peter nor Sirius__the money. (has/have)
  4. Each of the boys__wearing the same costume. (was/were)
  5. The news__fake. (is/are)
  6. Half of the class__talking. (is/are)
  7. Several of the employees__present in the seminar. (isn’t/aren’t)
  8. All of the family___going for a trip. (is/are)
  9. The price of the trousers__very high. (is/are)
  10. Twenty kilos__heavy for me. (is/are)

 

  1. One of my friends is travelling to Italy.
  2. He and I are good friends since 4 years.
  3. Neither Peter nor Sirius has the money.
  4. Each of the boys was wearing the same costume.
  5. The news is fake.
  6. Half of the class is talking.
  7. Several of the employees aren't present in the seminar.
  8. All of the family is going for a trip.
  9. The price of the trousers is very high.

10. Twenty kilos is heavy for me.

Fill in the blanks by putting the correct verb from the brackets.

  1. They__hard. (work/works)
  2. My mother__in the kitchen. (cook/cooks)
  3. Children__ cricket on the playground. (play/plays)
  4. She__clothes. (wash/washes)
  5. You always__a mistake. (make/makes)
  6. My father__to office daily. (go/goes)
  7. A peon__the office. (clean/cleans)
  8. Dhaval__do his homework every day. (do not /does not)
  9. He__meet his friend every day. (do not /does not)
  10. She__buy vegetables every day. (do not /does not)
  1. They work hard.
  2. My mother cooks in the kitchen.
  3. Children play cricket on the playground.
  4. She washes clothes.
  5. You always make a mistake.
  6. My father goes to the office daily.
  7. A peon cleans the office.
  8. Dhaval does not do his homework every day.
  9. He does not meet his friend every day.
  10. She does not buy vegetables every day.

Spot the Subject-Verb Agreement errors in the following passage and correct them.

Over the years, herb gardens has become increasingly popular with the households. There is a variety of edible herbs found in these gardens which is utilised for the enhancement of flavours in cooking as well as in tea. Therefore, prior to selecting a herb for your garden, be sure to taste the flavour by tearing off a leaf. Having a herb garden at home are not only invigorating but can also avoids trips to the grocery store and saves money. Moreover, most herbs is very easy to grow. For instance. Basil, with its showy leaves and the sweet scent, are generally found in a herb garden and is also used extensively in Italian dishes. In addition, it have a very refreshing flavour that you’ll never get tired of. Some other popular herbs is Sage, Lavender, Oregano and Mint which are commonly used in our day-to-day life.

Over the years, herb gardens have become increasingly popular with the households. There are a variety of edible herbs found in these gardens which are utilised for the enhancement of flavours in cooking as well as in tea. Therefore, prior to selecting a herb for your garden, be sure to taste the flavour by tearing off a leaf. Having a herb garden at home is not only invigorating but can also avoid trips to the grocery store and save money. Moreover, most herbs are very easy to grow. For instance, Basil, with its showy leaves and the sweet scent. is generally found in a herb garden and is also used extensively in Italian dishes. In addition, it has a very refreshing flavour that you'll never get tired of. Some other popular herbs are Sage, Lavender, Oregano and Mint which are commonly used in our day-to-day life.

Choose the correct form of verb for the following sentences.

Elle and Maire__(is/are) best friends. They__(study/studies) in high school. Both of the girls__(have/has) to shop for the prom, but neither of them__(wish/wishes) to do it as they__(doesn’t/don’t) like shopping. Instead, they opt to go to their ballet classes. Upon arrival, they noticed that noticeboard__ (have/has) some new flyers. Both of them__(desires/desire) to enter into an ivy-league college. Some of the colleges’__(offer/offers) courses with good scholarship. They check those flyers, but it.__(seem/seems) many of the colleges have deadlines next week. They would have to make a quick decision if they__(wish/wishes) to get their choice of college.

Elle and Maire are best friends. They study in high school. Both of the girls have to shop for the prom, but neither of them wishes to do it as they don't like shopping. Instead, they opt to go to their ballet classes. Upon arrival, they noticed that the noticeboard has some new flyers. Both of them desire to enter into an ivy-league college. Some of the colleges offer courses with good scholarships. They check those flyers, but it seems many of the colleges have deadlines next week. They would have to make a quick decision if they wish to get their choice of college.

Fill in the blank spaces with the correct verb that agrees with the subject.

  1. Physics__such an incredible subject.
  2. Neither of the teachers__what is wrong with her.
  3. All I had on me__ten dollars.
  4. Either Greg or his brother__at the shop.
  5. The family__all gathered at the tent.
  6. This family__the happiest.
  7. These shorts__too big.
  8. There__a crowd of people in the street.
  9. AIDS__a disease.
  10. Neither my sister nor I__going to the prom.
  1. Physics is such an incredible subject.
  2. Neither of the teachers knows what is wrong with her.
  3. All I had on me was ten dollars.
  4. Either Greg or his brother is at the shop.
  5. The family is all gathered at the tent.
  6. This family is the happiest.
  7. These shorts are too big.
  8. There is a crowd of people in the street.
  9. AIDS is a disease.
  10. Neither my sister nor I is going to the prom.

Correct the sentences below such that the verb agrees with the subject in the sentence.

  1. Habits like exercising and eating a balanced diet is good for you.
  2. Those who frequently travel by train is able to enjoy their trip to the countryside.
  3. Where is the science labs on this premise?
  4. Where is the colored t-shirts I ordered?
  5. The team are ready for the competition.
  6. Each of my friends plan to go camping this summer.
  7. Nobody in the entire school understand what the notice means.
  8. On the deputy head teacher’s desk are piles of worker demands.
  9. Which are your favorite car among the four you have?
  10. The dog owned by Mr. Patel and his sons seem very sick.
  1. Habits like exercising and eating a balanced diet are good for you.
  2. Those who frequently travel by train are able to enjoy their trip to the countryside.
  3. Where are the science labs on this premise?
  4. Where are the colored t-shirts I ordered?
  5. The team is ready for the competition.
  6. Each of my friends plans to go camping this summer.
  7. Nobody in the entire school understands what the notice means.
  8. On the deputy head teacher's desk is piles of worker demands.
  9. Which is your favorite car among the four you have?
  10. The dog owned by Mr. Patel and his sons seems very sick.

 

Convert all the sentences below with Subject "He" and fill the blank with the appropriate verbs from the options given. (learn, play, go, brush, pray, meet, read, get up, read, take, enjoy, watch, go, come, do,)

I___at 5:30 a.m. I___my teeth and__a bath. At 6:00 O’clock. I__to god and

Yoga. I__Surya Namaskar and my physical exercises regularly. I sometimes __to the temple. Then I always have breakfast with tea. I go to tuition at 8:30 a.m. I always__”The Times of India”. I__English through it. I generally practice for two hours. I__learning. I__back home at 11:00 a.m. I take my lunch at 12:00 noon and sometimes__a rest from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. I__my friends regularly, and we sometimes I always__cricket at evening. I often go to market in the evening. I usually__my dinner at 7:30 p.m. I__a movie every week. I always__spiritual books for half an hour. I__to bed at 10:30 p.m.

He gets up at 5:30 a.m. He brushes his teeth and takes a bath. At 6:00 O'clock, he prays to god and does Yoga. He does Surya Namaskar and his physical exercises regularly. He sometimes goes to temple. Then he always has breakfast with tea. He goes to tuition at 8:30 a.m. He always reads "The Times of India". He learns English through it. He generally practices for two hours. He enjoys learning. He comes back home at 11:00 a.m. He takes his lunch at 12:00 noon and sometimes takes a rest from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. He meets his friends regularly, and they sometimes play cricket at evening. He often goes to market in the evening. He usually takes his dinner at 7:30 p.m. He watches a movie every week. He always reads spiritual books for half an hour. He goes to bed at 10:30 p.m.

What are tenses?

Tenses denote the time of action. It refers to when the work is done.

What are the types of Tenses?

There are three types of tenses which are further subdivided.

  1. Present tense
  2. Past tense
  3. Future tense

(A) PRESENT TENSE

An event or occurrence that is currently happening.

It is further divided into:

  1. Simple Present tense.
  2. Present Continuous tense.
  3. Present Perfect tense.
  4. Present Perfect Continuous tense.

 

Simple Present tense

Present Continuous tense.

Present Perfect tense.

Present Perfect Continuous tense.

Refers to an action that is taking place right now or regularly and has clear reference. It is also sometimes called the present indefinite.

Action is in progress at the time of speaking.

Refers to an action that is completed (completed at some point in past) at the time of speaking.

Refers to an action that started in the past and is still in progress.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

live in India.

I am living in Canada (This indicates temporary

time- few weeks)

She has acted in many plays. (will probably act in more)

She has been acting for

three vears.

She/He lives in Britain.

We are singing in a show.

Share values have gone up this month. I have been waiting since

(until now, in this month)

I have been waiting since noon

You play cricket.

It is raining.

I have already done half of the exercises.

He has been working from

1 p.m.

We eat ice-cream.

We are coming from

German. (just visited)

She has already spoken to him.

They have been talking to him since morning.

They watch movie.

Our firm is manufacturing chocolates.

She has just got home.

I have been playing chess for a year now.

(B) PAST TENSE

An event that has already occurred.

It is further divided into:

  1. Simple Past tense.
  2. Past Continuous tense.
  3. Past Perfect tense.
  4. Past Perfect Continuous tense.

Simple Past tense

Past Continuous tense.

Past Perfect tense.

Past Perfect Continuous tense.

Refers to an action completed Action is in progress in past

at a specific time in past.

Action is in the past either 

(i) When a shorter action took place or

(ii)At a very precise moment

Refers to an action that was completed in the past either

(i) Before another action took

place or

(ii) Before a very precise

moment

Refers to an action that had started, had continued for some time and was still in progress either

(i Before another action takes place or

(ii) Before a very precise moment in the past

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

I lived in India before 2 years.

We were having dinner when she arrived 

she arrived after we had our dinner.

We had been eating dinner for one hour when she arrived.

I did most of the work before

He had been taking the test for a long time when the bell rang.

He had taken the test little before the bell rang.

He was taking a test when for a long time when the bell rang.

You ate pizza yesterday.

She was stitching clothes when her friend visited her.

She had stitched clothes before her friend came

She had been stitching clothes for few hours before her friend came.

I ate too much last night.

It was raining at 2pm

yesterday.

It had started to rain by 2 pm

It had been raining for many hours by 4 pm yesterday.

(C) FUTURE TENSE

An event that has not yet happened but is expected to happen.

It is further divided into:

  1. Simple Future tense.
  2. Future Continuous tense.
  3. Future Perfect tense.
  4. Future Perfect Continuous tense.

Simple Future tense.

Future Continuous tense.

Future Perfect tense.

Future Perfect Continuous tense.

(i)Express a possibility in the future

(ii) Making a decision at the time of speaking

Indicates that something will occur in the future at a specific time.

expresses actions that will be finished before a specific moment or before an action takes place

Refers to an action that will have started, will have continued for some time and will still be in progress either

(i) Before another action takes place or

(ii)Before a very precise moment

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

It will probably rain tomorrow.

I will be going shopping at 4 p.m.

I will have gone for shopping by this time tomorrow.

I will have been going for shopping for a few hours

tomorrow.

I hope I will clear my exam.

We will be visiting Disneyland this year.

I will have left by the time you read this

By 2010 | will have been living in Canada for 8 years.

I’ll turn on the lights for you.

I will be meeting Shawn at noon tomorrow.

The play will have finished by midnight.

I will have been waiting here for three hours by 6 p.m.

I’ll show you around the city.

At this time tomorrow, I will be reaching Canada.

You will have finished your schooling by this time next week

When I finish this course, I will have been learning

French for 6 months.

Fill in the blanks by using appropriate verbs from the list. (learn, play, go, brush, pray, meet, read, get up, read, take, enjoy, watch, go, come, do)

I___at 5:30 a.m. I___my teeth and__a bath. At 6:00 O’clock. I__to god and Yoga. I__Surya Namaskar and my physical exercises regularly. I sometimes __to the temple. Then I always have breakfast with tea. I go to tuition at 8:30 a.m. I always__”The Times of India”. I__English through it. I generally practices for two hours. I__learning. I__back home at 11:00 a.m. I take my lunch at 12:00 noon and sometimes__a rest from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. I__my friends regularly, and we sometimes I always__cricket at evening. I often go to market in the evening. I usually__my dinner at 7:30 p.m. I__a movie every week. I always__spiritual books for half an hour. I__to bed at 10:30 p.m.

I get up at 5:30 a.m. I brush my teeth and take a bath. At 6:00 O'clock, I pray to god and do Yoga. I do Surya Namaskar and my physical exercises regularly. I sometimes go to the temple. Then I always have breakfast with tea. I always read "The Times of India"I go to tuition at 8:30 a.m. I learn English there. I generally practice for two hours. I enjoy learning. I come back home at 11:00 a.m. I take my lunch at 12:00 noon and sometimes take a rest from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. I meet my friends regularly, and we sometimes play cricket at evening. I often go to the market the evening. I usually take my dinner at 7:30 p.m. I watch a movie every week. I always read spiritual books for half an hour. I go to bed at 10:30 p.m

The sentences below have some errors in tenses. Rewrite the sentences with the correct tense.

 

  1. Joseph was very disappointed yesterday because he discovered that he will lose his mobile phone.
  2. While my roommate was cleaning the room, I would eat my lunch.
  3. Winnie had been working as an accountant when I am going to meet her in California.
  4. Some time back a discovery is made by the scientist of a rare disease.
  5. For the time being, we are listening to his reasons for stealing from his employer, but this time tomorrow, we making a decision if he is guilty or not.
  6. Grew always wore jeans in his youth although he was switching to wearing suits by the time he was a senior.
  7. By the end of tomorrow, my father will had finished his chemotherapy sessions for this year.
  8. These days people who do manual jobs are well off than people who worked in the offices.
  9. The poor boy has been given a partial scholarship worth $70000, and he sought a further $1000 from other donors for now.
  10. She was seen me at a family gathering when I was young.
  1. Joseph was very disappointed yesterday because he discovered that he had lost his mobile phone.
  2. While my roommate was cleaning the room, I was eating my lunch.
  3. Winnie had been working as an accountant when I went to meet her in California.
  4. Some time back a discovery was made by the scientist of a rare disease.
  5. For the time being, we are listening to his reasons for stealing from his employer, but by this time tomorrow, we will be making a decision if he is guilty or not.
  6. Grew always wore jeans in his youth although he had switched to wearing suits by the time he was a senior.
  7. By the end of tomorrow, my father will have finished his chemotherapy sessions for this year.
  8. These days people who do manual jobs are well off than people who work in the offices.
  9. The poor boy has been given a partial scholarship worth $70000, and he is seeking a further $1000 from other donors for now.
  10. She saw me at a family gathering when I was young.

Fill in the blank spaces with the correct tense of the verbs given in the bracket.

  1. Gael — (never cheat) in exams until she — (join the notorious group in her class.
  2. Derrick — (not stop) working hard until he — (achieve) all his dreams.
  3. When my father – (hear) that my brother – (arrest) for murder. he – (collapse).
  4. When I graduate from university next month. | __ (be) a qualified doctor.
  5. Goliath – (wait) for his wife to get better for two years now, but she is not getting better, so I think he is — (give up) on the treatment options available.
  6. When my cousin — (have) issues at his place of work, his colleagues often help him cope with them.
  7. While we were — (watch) the game, my sister – (iron) her clothes.
  8. When my professor — (have) another look at the thesis, he__ (realize) that it had been – (plagiarism).
  9. Tomorrow at around this time, I – (visit) the orphanage.
  10. The mansion – (complete) by the end of September last year.
  1. Gael had never cheated in exams until she joined the notorious group in her class
  2. Derrick won't stop working hard until he achieves all his dreams.
  3. When my father heard that my brother had been arrested for murder, he collapsed
  4. When I graduate from university next month, I will be a qualified doctor.
  5. Goliath has been waiting for his wife to get better for two years now, but she is not getting better, so I think he is giving up on the treatment options available.
  6. When my cousin has issues at his place of work, his colleagues often help him cope with them
  7. While we were watching the game, my sister was ironing her clothes.
  8. When my professor had another look at the thesis, he realized that it had been plagiarized
  9. Tomorrow at around this time, I will be visiting the orphanage.
  10. The mansion had been completed by the end of September last year.

Using the verbs in the brackets use the right tense for each of the sentences given.

  1. Jack has never — (win) a prize in any of the school competitions.
  2. Have you ever — (be) to Canada?
  3. My mother is not here yet. She — (go) to my school in the morning.
  4. She – (do) a lot of work last winter.
  5. Stacy – (not find) her shoes yet which she – (lose) in school in the morning.
  6. The builders – (build) the church in 1985.
  7. Do not cook anything for me, I — (just have) breakfast a while ago.
  8. While I – (jog), my sister — (take) a shower.
  9. I have not — (see) my father since last week.
  10. James is listening (listen) to the song now.
  11. The instructor – (ask her if she — (play) the piano.
  12. When we – (plant) the trees, the baby was — (cry).
  1. Jack has never won a prize in any of the school competitions.
  2. Have you ever been to Canada?
  3. My mother is not here yet. She went to my school in the morning.
  4. She did a lot of work last winter.
  5. Stacy has not found her shoes yet which she lost in school in the morning.
  6. The builders built the church in 1985.
  7. Do not cook anything for me, I just had breakfast a while ago.
  8. While I was jogging, my sister was taking a shower.
  9. I have not seen my father since last week.
  10. James is listening to the song now.
  11. The instructor is asked her if she plays the piano.
  12. When we were planting the trees, the baby was crying.

Use the simple past, past continuous, past perfect or past perfect continuous tense to fill in the blank spaces.

  1. I was tired after the race since I__ (run) for more than three hours.
  2. We didn’t want to visit the national park again. We had already __(visit it thrice in one month.
  3. After our teacher__(finish) marking our assignments, he gave them to the group leader.
  4. It was sad to find John looking so disoriented. I think he__(drink) before we arrived.
  5. The house was full of smoke when we arrived. The firefighters were already in the living room, and they__(spray) the walls with water.
  6. No one was__(concern) with the new tickets I was offering
  7. They__(listen) to different speakers for more than two hours by the time I arrived.
  8. Do you realize you could have killed someone; you__(drive) while drunk.
  9. When the robbers stole my gold watch, I was angry as I__(have) that watch for more than two years.
  10. Leo__(know) about his father’s medical condition for a while now.
  1. I was tired after the race since I had been running for more than three hours.
  2. We didn't want to visit the national park again. We had already visited it thrice in one month.
  3. After our teacher had finished (finish) marking our assignments, he gave them to the group leader.
  4. It was sad to find John looking so disoriented. I think he had been drinking before we arrived.
  5. The house was full of smoke when we arrived. The firefighters were already in the living room, and they were spraying the walls with water.
  6. No one was concerned with the new tickets I was offering.
  7. They had been listening to different speakers for more than two hours by the time I arrived.
  8. Do you realize you could have killed someone; you were driving while drunk.
  9. When the robbers stole my gold watch, I was angry as I had that watch for more than two years.
  10. Leo had known about his father's medical condition for a while now.

Indicate the type of tenses used in each of the sentences below.

  1. I will visit my aunt who lives in China next week.
  2. I walk to school every day.
  3. My aunt has been feeling sick since morning.
  4. I was sleeping when you came in.
  5. Shall Yuri be studying from home tonight?
  6. Lions roar.
  7. Jackson is repairing your truck.
  8. Will you come with me?
  9. When I finish my degree, I will have been learning literature for four years.
  10. Janet had not been listening when the teacher taught the class.
  1. I will visit my aunt who lives in China next week.

Simple future tense

 

  1. I walk to school every day.

Simple present tense

 

  1. My aunt has been feeling sick since morning.

Present perfect continuous tense

 

  1. I was sleeping when you came in.

Past continuous tense

 

  1. Shall Yuri be studying from home tonight?

Future continuous tense

 

  1. Lions roar.

Simple present tense

 

  1. Jackson is repairing your truck.

Present continuous tense

 

8 Will van come with me?

Simple future tense

 

  1. When I finish my degree, I will have been learning literature for four years.

Future perfect continuous tense

 

  1. Janet had not been listening when the teacher taught the class.

Past perfect continuous tense

Complete the sentences below with the correct verb tense from the choices given.

  1. I trust Sarah completely; we — each other since we were five.
  • Knew
  • Have known
  • Known
  1. You — late for your dance lessons numerous times this week. Is there something you are not telling me?
  • Were
  • Been
  • Have been
  1. Do you know what time the governor — the meeting?
  • Left
  • Did leave
  • Has left
  1. I — you perform your new song yet.
  • Did not see
  • Haven’t seen
  • I am not see
  1. I — a few misfortunes in life, but still, I am optimistic that my tomorrow will be better than today.
  • Had
  • Have
  • Have had
  1. Since I got a promotion, I — more optimistic.
  • Became
  • Have
  • Have became
  1. It appears that by 2050, technology – things easier than today.
  • Would have made
  • Will have made
  • Would make
  1. The company directors expect that by next year, the company – enough profit.
  • Would had made
  • Had made
  • Will be making
  1. Becky quit trying out for the hockey team after she — someone’s teeth with a hockey stick.
  • Was knocking
  • Knocks
  • Knocked
  1. Stone –, so many societies in the past preferred to make tools using stone for durability.
  • Didn’t decay
  • Wouldn’t decay
  • Doesn’t decay
  1. I trust Sarah completely; we -- each other since we were five.
  • Knew
  • Have known
  • Known
  1. You -- late for your dance lessons numerous times this week. Is there something you are not telling me?
  • Were
  • Been
  • Have been
  1. Do you know what time the governor -- the meeting?
  • Left
  • Did leave
  • Has left
  1. I -- you perform your new song yet.
  • Did not see
  • Haven't seen
  • I am not see
  1. I -- a few misfortunes in life, but still, I am optimistic that my tomorrow will be better than today.
  • Had
  • Have
  • Have had
  1. Since I got a promotion, I -- more optimistic.
  • Became
  • Have
  • Have became
  1. It appears that by 2050, technology – things easier than today.
  • Would have made
  • Will have made
  • Would make
  1. The company directors expect that by next year, the company – enough profit.
  • Would had made
  • Had made
  • Will be making
  1. Becky quit trying out for the hockey team after she -- someone's teeth with a hockey stick.
  • Was knocking
  • Knocks
  • Knocked
  1. Stone --, so many societies in the past preferred to make tools using stone for durability.
  • Didn't decay
  • Wouldn't decay
  • Doesn't decay

Using the words in brackets complete the passage below with the appropriate tenses.

Yesterday while I__(be) at my aunt’s house, my best friend, Gregory__(call). He told me he was__(call) me from a public booth situated at a street in an African country called Kenya. I asked him if he__(joke), but he actually__(confirm) that he was indeed in Africa. I told him that I couldn’t believe he__(travel) to Africa without telling me. However, he__(apologize) and confessed that his father__(talk) about the plans to travel to Africa only a few days before the trip. He told me he had made a few African friends. One friend even__(promise) to visit him in Los Angeles next year. When Gregory__(tell) me of the good time he was having in Africa I__(wish) I was there too. While we were still talking, I__(hear) somebody tell Gregory “you will have to add more money if you want to keep talking to your friend.” A few minutes later, the line__(be) dead.

Yesterday while I was at my aunt's house, my best friend, Gregory called. He told me he was calling me from a public booth situated at a street in an African country called Kenya. I asked him if he was joking, but he actually confirmed that he was indeed in Africa. I told him that I couldn't believe he had travelled to Africa without telling me. However, he apologized and confessed that his father talked about the plans to travel to Africa only a few days before the trip. He told me he had made a few African friends. One friend even promised to visit him in Los Angeles next year. When Gregory told me of the good time he was having in Africa, I wished I was there too. While we were still talking, I heard somebody tell Gregory "you will have to add more money if you want to keep talking to your friend." A few minutes later, the line went dead.

What is Active Voice?

In active voice, the sentence begins with a subject, succeeded by a verb and then an object on which the action is performed.

E.g.

Mary          reads    a book.

Subiect      verb       object

What is Passive Voice?

In passive voice, the sentence begins with the object on which the action is performed by the subject.

E.g.

A book   is read    by Mary.

Object     verb       subject

Formation of Passive Sentences according to tenses.

PRESENT TENSE:

Simple Present Tense: Object + is /are + past participle of the verb + by + subject (object pronoun).

I eat a pizza.          -›          A pizza is eaten by me.

She cleans the window.   -›    The window is cleaned by her.

We sing songs.          -›        Songs are sung by us

Present Continuous Tense: Object + is /are + being + past participle of the verb + by + subject (object pronoun).

I am eating a pizza.            -›    A pizza is being eaten by me

She is cleaning the window.     -›   The window is being cleaned by her

We are singing songs.        -›      Songs are being sung by us.

Present Perfect Tense: Object + has/have been + past participle of the verb + by + subject (object pronoun)

She has completed the task      -›   The task has been completed by her.

I have read a book.               -›       A book has been read by me.

He has written a letter.        -›         A letter has been written by him.

PAST TENSE:

Simple Past Tense: Object + was /were + past participle of the verb + by + subject (object pronoun).

I ate a pizza.          -›           A pizza was eaten by me.

She cleaned the window.   -›   The window was cleaned by her.

We sang songs.       -›        Songs were sung by us.

Past Continuous Tense: Object + is /are + being + past participle of the verb + by + subject (object pronoun).

I was eating a pizza.      -›           A pizza was being eaten by me.

She was cleaning the window.      -›      The window was being cleaned by her.

We were singing songs.      -›      Songs were being sung by us.

Past Perfect Tense: Obiect + had been + past participle of the verb + by + subject (object pronoun)

She had completed the task.      -›      The task had been completed by her.

I had read a book.      -›      A book had been read by me.

He had written a letter.      -›      A letter had been written by him.

FUTURE TENSE:

Simple Future Tense: Obiect + will + be + past participle of the verb + by + subject (object pronoun).

I will eat a pizza.      -›      A pizza will be eaten by me.

She will clean the window.      -›      The window will be cleaned by her.

We will sing songs.      -›      Songs will be sung by us

Future Perfect Tense: Obiect + will have been + past participle of the verb + by + subject (object pronoun)

She will have completed the task -›  The task will have been completed by her.

I will have read a book.      -›      A book will have been read by me.

He will have written a letter.      -›      A letter will have been written by him.

OBJECT PRONOUN: A type of noun that takes the place of noun that receives the action.

   Subject Pronoun                  Object Pronoun

           I                                                 Me

          He                                              Him

         She                                             Her

        They                                            Them

         We                                               Us

        You                                               You

          It                                                   It                                     

Unscramble the following sentences and insert proper punctuations or capital letters if required.

  1. is / world / spoken / English / all over the
  2. was /won/ by /India /the final match/ last year.
  3. USA / is / from India / cotton / exported / to.
  4. from Iran / is imported / to / crude oil / India.
  5. is cultivated / in most of the regions of India / wheat.
  6. criticized / great people / by / are always / common men.
  7. been sent / has / already / to him / a letter.
  8. my marriage / will be invited / all of my friends / in.
  9. These days/ worldwide / are being exploited / many children.
  10. in 1990 / was written / this book / by him.
  1. English is spoken all over the world.
  2. Last year the final match was won by India./The final match was won by India last year.
  3. Cotton is exported from India to USA.
  4. Crude oil is imported from Iran to India.
  5. Wheat is cultivated in most of the regions of India.
  6. Great people are always criticized by common men.
  7. A letter has already been sent to him.
  8. All of my friends will be invited in my marriage.
  9. These days many children are being exploited worldwide.
  10. This book was written by him in 1990.

Identify If the sentences given are in active or passive voice.

  1. I have never been to Asia.
  2. The famous building was built by the Portuguese in the 1980s.
  3. No one was injured by the fallen tree.
  4. The prize was given to the most disciplined student.
  5. We opted not to give anyone a chance to sing.
  6. The cake was yummy.
  7. The pie made them sick.
  8. I was made sick by the cake.
  9. The tables were ordered.
  10. I have never been punished.
  1. I have never been to Asia.

Active voice

  1. The famous building was built by the Portuguese in the 1980s.

Passive voice

  1. No one was injured by the fallen tree

Passive voice

  1. The prize was given to the most disciplined student.

Passive voice

  1. We opted not to give anyone a chance to sing.

Active voice

  1. The cake was yummy.

Active voice

  1. The pie made them sick.

Active voice

  1. I was made sick by the cake.

Passive voice

  1. The tables were ordered.

Passive voice

  1. I have never been punished

Passive voice

 

Convert each of these sentences from passive to active form.

  1. The problem was not fixed by me.
  2. The door had been broken by someone in the morning.
  3. We were being watched by a strange lady.
  4. The competition will be organised by Cairo in 2050.
  5. Jack was raised in the city by his aunt.
  6. English is studied by some EL students on the internet.
  7. The essay is being completed by us right now.
  8. I hope am going to be called by them soon.
  9. The mistake could have been made by him.
  10. He was told to come on Tuesday by my supervisor.
  1. I did not fix the problem.
  2. Someone had broken the door in the morning.
  3. A strange lady was watching us.
  4. Cairo will organize the competition in 2050.
  5. Jack's aunt raised him in the city.
  6. Some ESL students study English on the internet.
  7. We are completing the essay right now.
  8. I hope they are going to call me soon.
  9. He could have made the mistake.
  10. My supervisor told him to come on Tuesday.

Write the sentences below in passive voice.

  1. He hasn’t changed a bit.
  2. I realized that they had misinterpreted my gesture.
  3. No one told me that the teacher had changed the venue of the class.
  4. Good news! My father has offered you the job.
  5. The directors rejected my proposal after reviewing it carefully.
  6. I left the job because nobody gave me an explanation why I had not received my salary for three months.
  7. The book should arrive today as they have already shipped it.
  8. Why have students chosen The River And The Source as their most favorite novel?
  9. Had they arrested the robbers before they left the police station?
  10. To be honest, my friends have never liked him.

 

  1. Nothing has changed about him.
  2. I realized that my gesture had been misinterpreted by them.
  3. No one told me that the venue of the class had been changed by the teacher.
  4. Good news! The job has been offered to you by my father./ Good news! You have been offered the job by my father.
  5. My proposal was rejected by the directors after they reviewed it carefully.
  6. I left the job because no explanation had been given to me by anybody why I had not received my salary for three months.
  7. The book should arrive today as it has already been shipped by them.
  8. Why has The River And The Source been chosen by students as their most favorite novel?
  9. Had the robbers been arrested by them before they left the police station?
  10. To be honest, he has never been liked by my friends.

Find the mistakes in the following sentences and rewrite them.

  1. Environment is damaging day by day.
  2. Uttarayan is celebrated on 14th January people.
  3. Movie will released next Friday.
  4. A computer is use widely in all sectors.
  5. She have been invited by me but I am sure that she will not come.
  6. Poisonous gases emit vehicles.
  7. Villages will connect to one another via broadband internet connection.
  8. Western culture follow the young generation of India.
  9. I proposed to her last week but I have not receive an answer yet.
  10. Environment should protect at any cost.
  11. Smoking must prohibit in public places.
  12. Today’s meeting may postpone to tomorrow.
  1. Environment is being damaged day by day.
  2. Uttarayan is celebrated on 14th January by people.
  3. Movie will be released next week.
  4. A computer is used widely in all sectors.
  5. She has been invited by me but I am sure that she will not come.
  6. Poisonous gases are emitted by vehicles.
  7. Villages will be connected to one another via broadband internet connection.
  8. Western culture is followed by the young generation of India.
  9. I proposed to her last week but I have not received an answer yet.
  10. The environment should be protected at any cost.
  11. Smoking must be prohibited in public places.

12. Today's meeting might be postponed to tomorrow

Identify whether the sentences below are in active voice or passive voice and accordingly fill the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

  1. The house looks like it has never__(оссuру).
  2. If I were James, I would__(call) my parents.
  3. Why haven’t you__(give) your salary for last month?
  4. The first railway was__(build) by George Stephenson.
  5. Unfortunately, the patient__(not attend) yet.
  6. A frown___(appear) on the woman’s face.
  7. The dance is__(happening) at this moment.
  8. The chef__(request) to prepare the order.
  9. I wouldn’t have been disappointed if the student__(not be) rude.
  10. The minister__(order) that drinking alcohol is prohibited for persons under 18 years.
  1. The house looks like it has never been occupied. Passive voice
  2. If I were James, I would call my parents. Active voice
  3. Why haven't you been given your salary for last month? Passive voice
  4. The first railway was built by George Stephenson. Passive voice
  5. Unfortunately, the patient has not been attended yet. Passive voice
  6. A frown appeared on the woman's face. Active voice
  7. The dance is happening at this moment. Active voice
  8. The chef was requested to prepare the order. Passive voice
  9. I wouldn't have been disappointed if the student was not rude. Active voice
  10. The minister ordered that drinking alcohol is prohibited for people under 18 years. Active voice

Use the words given to come up with sentences in the passive voice. Follow the example given.
Example: Nothing said, yet. Nothing has been said yet.

  1. An error, make, last week.
  2. Such a huge diamond, not see, for the longest time.
  3. I, give Wayne, this jacket, last month.
  4. Peter, not tell, anything, since his arrival.
  5. The issue, ignore, after the discussion.
  6. The games, play, in the afternoon.
  7. How long, football, play.
  8. Nothing, recovered, up to now.
  9. The tables, moved, yesterday.
  10. When, these lovely cakes, decorated.
  1. An error was made last week.
  2. Such a huge diamond has not been seen for the longest time.
  3. Wayne was given this jacket last month by me.
  4. Peter has not been told anything since he arrived.
  5. The issue was ignored after the discussion.
  6. The games were played in the afternoon.
  7. How long has football been played?
  8. Nothing has been recovered up to now.
  9. The tables were moved yesterday.
  10. When were these lovely cakes decorated?

Choose the correct form of passive or active voice from the choices given.

  1. The new beauty product – next month at the Dove conference center.
  • is launched
  • is going to be launched
  • is going to launch
  1. A lot of precautions — to ensure the tourists are as comfortable as possible.
  • are taking
  • have taken
  • have been taken
  1. I – you precisely what you will do a few minutes before the meeting.
  • will tell
  • will be told
  • will have told
  1. The authorities discovered many under-aged girls who — as house helps in some parts of the country.
  • have been employed
  • were being employed
  • were employing
  1. What time do you think the station — a repeat of yesterday’s movie?
  • will be aired
  • is being aired
  • will air
  1. The chocolate cake — at 350 F.
  • should bake
  • should be baking
  • should be baked
  1. After seven months, Fred – how to speak English fluently.
  • had learned
  • had learning
  • had been learned
  1. Several people – after a plane — in the wee hours of the morning.
  • killed, crashed
  • were killed, were crashed
  • were killed, crashed
  1. Sex education — at every school as early as possible.
  • given
  • should be given
  • should be giving
  1. Roy is not a team player. He wants — on his own all the time.
  • to be working
  • to work
  • to have been working
  1. The new beauty product – next month at the Dove conference center.
  • is launched
  • is going to be launched
  • is going to launch
  1. A lot of precautions -- to ensure the tourists are as comfortable as possible.
  • are taking
  • have taken
  • have been taken
  1. I – you precisely what you will do a few minutes before the meeting.
  • will tell
  • will be told
  • will have told
  1. The authorities discovered many under-aged girls who -- as house helps in some parts of the country.
  • have been employed
  • were being employed
  • were employing
  1. What time do you think the station -- a repeat of yesterday's movie?
  • will be aired
  • is being aired
  • will air
  1. The chocolate cake -- at 350 F.
  • should bake
  • should be baking
  • should be baked
  1. After seven months, Fred – how to speak English fluently.
  • had learned
  • had learning
  • had been learned
  1. Several people – after a plane -- in the wee hours of the morning.
  • killed, crashed
  • were killed, were crashed
  • were killed, crashed
  1. Sex education -- at every school as early as possible.
  • given
  • should be given
  • should be giving
  1. Roy is not a team player. He wants -- on his own all the time.
  • to be working
  • to work
  • to have been working

What is Direct & Indirect Speech?

Direct Speech: It is a report which says exactly what the speaker has said.

E.g.

  • Alice said. “I am very happy today.”

Indirect Speech is a report about what somebody spoke or had written without using that individual’s precise context.

E.g.

  • Alice told that she was very happy that day.

How to write a Direct speech into an indirect speech

  1. The comma and the inverted commas are removed.
  2. “that” is placed before the indirect speech.
  3. The pronoun of the direct speech is changed.
  4. The verb is changed according to the tense in the direct report.
  5. The adverb is changed accordingly.

Conditions to follow while converting direct speech into indirect ones.

  1. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, then the present tense of the direct speech will be changed into respective past tenses.

E.g.

  • He said, “I am hungry.” (direct)
  • He said that he was hungry (indirect)
  • But if the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, then the tenses of the direct speech do not change.

E.g.

  • He says, “I am hungry.” (direct)
  • He says he is hungry. (indirect)
  • The Tense in Indirect Speech does not change if the statement between the quotation marks talk of a universal truth or habitual action.

E.g.

  • The teacher said, “We cannot live without breathing oxygen.”
  • The teacher said that we could not live without breathing oxygen.

  1. Change the tenses.

Change simple present tense to simple past tense.

She said, “I am exhausted.” (direct)

She said that she was exhausted. (indirect)

Change present continuous to past continuous.

He said, “I am reading a book.” (direct)

He said that he was reading a book. (indirect)

Change present perfect to past perfect.

Tommy said, “I have finished my work.” (direct)

Tommy said that he had finished his work. (indirect)

Change present perfect continuous to past perfect continuous.

He said, “He has been travelling.” (direct)

He said that he had been travelling. (indirect)

Change simple past tense to past perfect.

He said, “I already ate.” (direct)

He said that he had already eaten. (indirect)

Change past continuous to past perfect continuous.

They told me, “We were going to the movies.” (direct)

They told me that they had been going to the movies. (indirect)

Change Future tense to present conditional.

She said. “I will be in Canada this time tomorrow.” (direct)

She said that she would be in Canada that time the next day. (indirect)

Change future continuous to conditional continuous.

He said, “He will be travelling next Sunday.” (direct)

He said that he would be travelling next Sunday. (indirect)

Past Perfect tense remains as past perfect tense. (no change occurs)


  1. Adverbs of time and place are generally changed.

Direct Speech            Indirect Speech

Here                                 there

Now                                  then

Yesterday                           the day before

Today                                that day

Tomorrow                          the next day

This                                   that

Ago                                  before

Thus                                  So

These                                 those

last night                            the last night

next week                           the following week

next month                         the following month


  1. Changes in modals

Can changes to could

She said, “She can juggle.”

She said that she could juggle.

May changes to might

He said, “He may apply for a new job.” 

He said that he might apply for a new job

Must changes to had to

Bobby said, “I must work hard.”

Bobby said that he had to work hard.

Following modals when used in the direct speech, do not change in the indirect speech.

Would, could, might, should, ought to


  1. Change in pronouns

While converting the direct into indirect speech, pronouns must be changed accordingly.

She says, “I am going to the book exhibition.”

She said that she was going to the book exhibition.

He says to them, “You have pending work.”

He tells them that they had pending work.

She says, “She is going to the book exhibition?”

She says that she was going to the book exhibition.


  1. Conversion of Imperative sentences

“Please don’t disturb me”, she begged

She requested not to disturb her.

The teacher said to the students, “Open chapter two of your textbooks.”

The teacher ordered to the students to open chapter two of their textbooks.

Mother said to me, “Be kind to each other.”

My mother advised me to be kind to each other.

The officer said, “You will be dismissed from work.”

The officer warned that he will be dismissed from work.

My friend said, “Improve your handwriting.”

My friend suggested to improve my handwriting.


  1. Conversion of Interrogative Sentences

She said, “How are you?”

She asked how I was doing.

Henry said to Matt, “Do you like chocolate?”

Henry asked Matt if he liked chocolate.

John said to him, “Will you buy a phone?”

John asked him whether he will buy a phone.


  1. Conversion of Exclamatory Sentences

She said, “Hurray! We have won the match.”

She exclaimed with great joy that they had won the match.

He said, “Oh! I broke my phone.”

He exclaimed with great sorrow that she broke her phone.

Marie said, “What a beautiful dress this is!”

Marie exclaimed that dress was very beautiful.

Convert the following sentences into indirect speech.

 

  1. Violet said, “Ricky had bought a new car.”
  2. My colleague said, “Naomi will have a tea.”
  3. Romi said, “Nate may watch football match.”
  4. Dina said, “Maisie should speak the truth.”
  5. Mrs. Jensen said, “Alan sent this message yesterday.”
  6. My niece said, “Mr. Ambani played soccer two days ago.”
  7. The old man said to her, “Why have you broken my glasses?”
  8. The shopkeeper said to Alex, “Which cap do you wish to try?”
  9. I said to my sister, “Where did you hide my camera?’
  10. The doctor said to him, “Are you ill?”
  1. Violet said that Ricky had bought a new car.
  2. My colleague said that Naomi would have a tea.
  3. Romi said that Nate might watch football watch.
  4. Dina said that Maisie should speak the truth.
  5. Mrs.Jensen said that Alan had sent that message the previous day.
  6. My niece said that Mr.Ambani had played soccer two days before.
  7. The old man asked her why she had broken his glasses.
  8. The shopkeeper asked Alex which cap did he wish to try.
  9. I asked my sister where she had hidden my camera.
  10. The doctor asked him if he was ill.

Convert the following sentences into indirect speech.

  1. I said to her, “Have you taken my story-book?
  2. The lady said to me, “Can you help me?”
  3. My uncle says, “‘The letter hasn’t come yet.”
  4. Dean said to Pam, “What have you bought from the market?”
  5. Horatio asked Monet, “What did you borrow?”
  6. The teacher said to the student, “Where have you gone?”
  7. Peyton said to Neel, “Water always boils at 100 C.”
  8. The old lady said, “Help me to get on the bus.”
  9. She said, “Are they waiting for me?’
  10. Chris said to me, “Have you been to Germany?”
  1. I asked her if she had taken my story-book.
  2. The lady asked me if I could help her.
  3. My uncle said that the letter hadn't come yet.
  4. Dean asked Pam what she had bought from the market
  5. Horatio asked Monet what he had borrowed.
  6. The teacher asked the student where he had gone.
  7. Peyton told Neel that Water always boils at 1000 C.
  8. The old lady requested to help her to get on the bus.
  9. She asked if they were waiting for her.
  10. Chris asked me if I had been to Germany.

Choose the correct option a, b or c to complete the sentences in reported speech.

  1. John: “I went swimming.”

John said that he — swimming.

  • Went
  • Have gone
  • Had gone
  1. Mary: “I will eat chicken for lunch.”

Mary said that she — eat chicken for lunch.

  • will
  • won’t
  • would
  1. Mary: “I love pancakes.”

Mary said that she – pancakes.

  • loves
  • loving
  • loved
  1. Jill: “I have been to Africa.” Jill said that she — to Africa.
  • had been
  • has been
  • went
  1. Peter: “I have four motorcycles.”

Peter said that he — four motorcycles.

  • had had
  • have
  • has
  1. Dick: “I will to go to the lake.”

Dick said that he — to go to the lake.

  • is
  • would
  • was
  1. John: “I don’t like Greg.”

John said that he – like Greg.

  • do
  • don’t
  • didn’t
  1. Tom: “I had a dog.”

Tom said that he had — a dog.

  • have
  • has
  • had
  1. Jill: “I was exercising.”

Jill said that she — exercising.

  • had been
  • have been
  • has been
  1. Fred: “I will buy a new horse.

Fred said that he – buy a new horse.

  • will
  • would
  • won’t
  1. John: "I went swimming."

John said that he -- swimming.

  • Went
  • Have gone
  • Had gone
  1. Mary: "I will eat chicken for lunch."

Mary said that she -- eat chicken for lunch.

  • will
  • won't
  • would
  1. Mary: "I love pancakes."

Mary said that she – pancakes.

  • loves
  • loving
  • loved
  1. Jill: "I have been to Africa." Jill said that she -- to Africa.
  • had been
  • has been
  • went
  1. Peter: "I have four motorcycles."

Peter said that he -- four motorcycles.

  • had had
  • have
  • has
  1. Dick: "I will to go to the lake."

Dick said that he -- to go to the lake.

  • is
  • would
  • was
  1. John: "I don't like Greg."

John said that he – like Greg.

  • do
  • don't
  • didn't
  1. Tom: "I had a dog."

Tom said that he had -- a dog.

  • have
  • has
  • had
  1. Jill: "I was exercising."

Jill said that she -- exercising.

  • had been
  • have been
  • has been
  1. Fred: "I will buy a new horse.

Fred said that he – buy a new horse.

  • will
  • would
  • won't

Change the sentences below into indirect speech.

  1. “Have you met the new teacher?” Stacy asked us.
  2. Can Doug be a part of the show?” asked his father.
  3. “How much did the cancer treatment cost?” my friend asked me.
  4. Aaron said, “I am very upset now.”
  5. My teacher says, “Africa is the cradle of humankind.”
  6. The scientist told his students, “Nobody can solve the problem.”
  7. The nurse asked the doctor, “Shall I email you this report again, sir?”
  8. The house owner shouted, “Catch that thief! Catch that thief!”
  9. My mother said to me, “Bravo! That was a good show!”
  10. “Oh my! what a sick child!” said the doctor.
  1. Stacy asked us if we had met the new teacher.
  2. Doug's father asked if Doug could be a part of the show.
  3. My friend asked me how much did the cancer treatment cost.
  4. Aaron said that he was very upset then.
  5. My teacher says that Africa is the cradle of humankind.
  6. The scientist told his students that nobody could solve the problem.
  7. The nurse asked the doctor politely if she should email him that report again.
  8. The shop owner shouted to the crowd to catch the thief.
  9. My mother applauded me for a good show.
  10. The doctor exclaimed with pity what a sick child.

Read the dialogue and convert it into indirect speech.

Tom: “How are you doing Lauren? I haven’t seen you since a long time.”

Lauren: “I am doing good. I got transferred back from New York.”

Tom: “When did you get back?”

Lauren: “I came back last month. Are you still working at your old firm?”

Tom: “I have started my own firm. You should stop by some time.”

Lauren: “I would love that. Let’s catch up this weekend.”

Tom: “It is a great idea! Let’s do that.”

Tom asked Lauren______ And he said______

Lauren replied that_____. And she informed that_____

Tom inquired_____

Lauren told him that_____. She asked him if_____

Tom told that_____And he suggested that______

Lauren told_____. And she proposed______

Tom explained that ______and agreed______

Tom asked Lauren how she was doing. And he said that he hadn't seen her since a long time.

Lauren replied that she was doing good. And she informed that she had got transferred back from New York.

Tom inquired when she had got back.

Lauren told him that she had come back the previous month. She asked him if he was still working at his old firm.

Tom told that he had started his own firm. And he suggested that she should stop by sometime.

Lauren told she would love that. And she proposed to catch up that weekend.

Tom exclaimed that it was a great idea and agreed to do that.

Change the sentences below to either direct or indirect speech.

  1. The chemistry teacher said that water boils at 1000C.
  2. Greg told Anna that she had taken his bag with her.
  3. The lecturer said, “You all have to attend the lecture tomorrow.”
  4. I asked Tom when he had come back from London.
  5. “Can you come for a test to my office?” the instructor said.
  6. My husband said that he had been working very hard since the previous day.
  7. The old lady requested me to help her cross the street.
  8. “It is an excellent report.” the director said.
  9. Sam’s mother asked him whether he had seen her spectacles.
  10. The tailor asked her if she would have the design ready by the following night.
  1. The chemistry teacher said, "Water boils at 1000C."
  2. Greg said to Anna, "You have taken my bag with you."
  3. The lecturer told all of us that we had to attend the lecture the following day.
  4. I asked Tom, "When did you come back from London?"
  5. The instructor inquired whether I could come for a test to his office.
  6. My husband said, "I have been working very hard since yesterday."
  7. The old lady said to me, "Can you please help me cross the street?"
  8. The director remarked that it was an excellent report.
  9. Sam's mother asked him, "Have you seen my spectacles?"
  10. The tailor said to her, "Will you have the design ready by tomorrow night?"

Consider the expressions of time and place used in the direct speech for each of the sentences and write the correct equivalents of the same expressions in reported speech.

  1. “I saw him yesterday.”
  2. “I’m busy now.”
  3. “I have been here for a long time.”
  4. “I will visit her today.”
  5. “I haven’t seen him since last year.”
  6. “I will talk to him tomorrow.”
  7. “I will invite him next month.”
  8. “Is this what you wanted?”
  9. “I will call him right now.”
  10. “I was with him yesterday.”
  1. She said she saw him the day before or the previous day.
  2. She said that she was busy then.
  3. He said that he had been there for a long time.
  4. She said she would visit her that day.
  5. She said she hadn't seen him since the previous year.
  6. He said he would talk to him the next day or the following day.
  7. He said he would invite him the following month or the coming month.
  8. He asked me if that was what I wanted.
  9. He said he would call him right then.
  10. She said she was with him the day before or the previous day.

Write each of the given sentences in reported or indirect speech.

  1. Dad asked the nanny, “Have the twins done their homework? It will be time for bed in 20 minutes.”
  2. John asked his dad, “Dad will you be free tomorrow morning? I’d like you to attend my graduation.”
  3. Jack’s mother asked Jack, “Have you cleaned your room?” “No, but I will clean it in the next one hour,” Jack replied.
  4. Roy asked Wiona, “Will you dance tonight?” Wiona replied, “Yes.”
  5. The teacher told the student, “Pull yourself together! Don’t make such a mistake again.”
  6. Paul said to Peter, “Was Ann at the dance last night?” “Yes she was, and she danced till morning, Peter answered.
  7. Devon told his friend, “I need a new computer, which is the best shop to buy one?”
  8. The nurse asked my grandmother, “Did you forget to take your medicine today? If you did, you better take it right this minute.”
  9. Henry said to Richard, “That assignment looks difficult, can I help you do it?”
  10. David said to his driver, “Are you free today? I want you to drive my wife to a friend’s party.”
  1. Dad asked the nanny if the children had done their homework because it would be time for bed 20 minutes later.
  2. John asked his father if he would be free the following morning because he would like him to attend his graduation.
  3. Jack's mother asked him whether he had cleaned his room; he answered that he had not, but he would do it in the following one hour.
  4. Roy asked Wiona whether she would dance that night and Wiona answered that she would.
  5. The teacher ordered the student to pull himself together and further added that the student should never repeat the same mistake again.
  6. Paul asked Peter if Ann was at the dance the night before. Paul answered that she was, and added that she danced until that morning.
  7. Devon told his friend that he needed a new laptop and asked him if he knew the best shop to buy one.
  8. The nurse asked my grandmother if she had forgotten to take her medicine that day. She added that if she had, it was better she took it right at that moment.
  9. Henry told Richard that the assignment looked difficult and further asked whether he could help him do it.
  10. David asked his driver if he was free that day because he wanted him to drive his wife to a friend's party.